Onco Actu du 23 mai 2018

	1. Biologie
Are Some Tumors Just ‘Born to Be Bad’? [NIH Director's Blog] If validated in further studies, those footprints might be used to predict the risk of invasion and metastasis in small, developing tumors. To extend the findings, the researchers say they are now pursuing similar studies in breast cancers.
New data changes the way scientists explain how cancer tumors develop [UTMB] Researchers led by scientists at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston and Baylor College of Medicine found that a losing a section of messenger RNA that was previously thought to transform normal cells into cancerous ones actually acts by blocking a body’s ability suppress the formation of tumors.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
Prevalent Form of Childhood Leukemia May Be Preventable [The Scientist] Early exposure to common microbes could stop leukemia from manifesting in children.
Child leukaemia linked to reduced exposure to germs [NHS Choices] The author himself notes that the cause is partly genetic, and it's not appropriate for people to send children to nurseries early in life (before the age of 1) just to try and reduce leukaemia risk.
A germ-free childhood could trigger leukemia, scientist suggests [CNN] The research may be a step toward developing preventative measures. However, Charles Swanton, chief clinician of Cancer Research UK, stressed that the causes and prevention methods are still unconfirmed.
Landmark lawsuit claims Monsanto hid cancer danger of weedkiller for decades [The Guardian] In June, a California groundskeeper will make history by taking company to trial on claims it suppressed harm of Roundup.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
How Harmful — Or Helpful — Are E-Cigarettes, Anyway? [FiveThirtyEight] And then there’s the other big factor that could influence what happens with e-cigs: cultural norms around vaping.
	3.5 Prévention - UV
Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on new FDA actions to keep consumers safe from the harmful effects of sun exposure, and ensure the long-term safety and benefits of sunscreens [FDA] Today we sent warning letters to companies illegally marketing pills and capsules labeled as dietary supplements that make unproven drug claims about protecting consumers from the harms that come from sun exposure without meeting the FDA’s standards for safety and effectiveness.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Grail hauls in monster $300M round from Chinese investors amid rumors about Hong Kong IPO [EndPoints] The cancer screening upstart Grail got started with more than a billion dollars in launch money from some of the biggest gamblers in the US venture community. And now some prominent Chinese investors want into the game, anteing up a $300 million monster round to fuel the development of new products.
	4.15 Dép., diag. & prono. - imagerie
Giles Maskell: Incidental anarchy [BMJ Blogs] At a time when the general approach often seems to be “Scan because you can,” perhaps I could suggest a small amendment: “Think before you scan because you can”.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Pioneering novel platforms for the in-depth, accelerated interpretation of cancer genomes [VHIO] This versatile and freely accessible resource has been designed to advance precision medicine in oncology by better determining which alterations identified in tumors might be driver events towards better targeting their respective genomic vulnerabilities.
Are You And Your Primary Care Doc Ready To Talk About Your DNA? [KHN] Before speaking with the patient, the doctor takes a 30-minute online continuing education tutorial to review details about genetic testing and the disorder. Then the patient is informed and invited to meet with the primary care provider, along with a genetic counselor if desired.
	5. Traitements
Selection of Optimal Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Early Breast Cancer [ASCO] Clinicians may use extended adjuvant therapy with neratinib to follow trastuzumab in patients with early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer. Neratinib causes substantial diarrhea, and diarrhea prophylaxis must be used.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Merck's Keytruda, Roche's Tecentriq may lag chemo in some cancer patients, FDA says [FiercePharma] While players in the PD-1/PD-L1 class—Keytruda in particular—seem to be racking up new approvals left and right, It’s not the first time either drug has run into problems in trials.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Approval of UCART123 Amendment in AML to Accelerate Clinical Development [Cellectis] - Treatment interval shortens between patients from 42 days to 28 days, then to 14 days for subsequent patients; - MD Anderson Cancer Center added as new clinical site for the AML study.
Report on CAR T-cell therapy Registries Workshop 9 February 2018 [EMA] Immediate priorities are to harmonise data element definitions across registries, to establish measures that ensure data are collected systematically with appropriate verification and quality assurance, to ensure arrangements are in place to permit data sharing, and to improve communications between registry holders, regulators and marketing authorisation holders and applicants.
	5.12.6 Immunothérapies - AMM
FDA Approves Second CAR T-Cell Therapy for Lymphoma [NCI] With FDA’s new approval, eligible patients with DLBCL now have two options for CAR T-cell therapy. For tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel, the patient’s immune cells are modified in the same way. And the cost of both therapies is about the same.
	5.2 Pharma
New year, new name, new bladder cancer data for Sesen Bio [FierceBiotech] Vicinium, a next-generation antibody-drug conjugate, is being developed as an alternative to losing the bladder. It comprises a recombinant fusion protein that targets epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antigens to deliver Pseudomonas exotoxin A.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Celgene pays Evotec $65M to access source of solid tumor drugs [FierceBiotech] Evotec, a German drug discovery shop, has built up a phenotypic screening platform, compound libraries and target deconvolution capabilities to support its biopharma customers.
OncoDNA announces screening collaboration with Kura Oncology [OncoDNA] Under the agreement, OncoDNA will support patient enrolment for Kura’s ongoing HRAS tipifarnib trial in patients with HRAS mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
The end of cervical cancer [PATH blog] A new focus has emerged to eliminate HPV and advance the fight against cervical cancer, led by PATH, the WHO, and other global partners.
	6.1 Observation
Annual Report to the Nation: overall cancer mortality continues to decline, prostate cancer mortality has stabilized [NIH] Increases in death rates for several cancers continue to cause concern. Researchers suggest that the increase in liver cancer death rates is related to the high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among Baby Boomers, as well as to the high prevalence of obesity in the United States.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
House passes 'right-to-try' bill, sending it to President Trump's desk [FierceBiotech] Drugmakers are not obligated to provide the treatments: "No liability shall lie against a sponsor manufacturer, prescriber, dispenser or other individual entity for its determination not to provide access to an eligible investigational drug," the bill says.
Congress passes ‘right-to-try’ measure, sending hard-fought bill to Trump’s desk [STAT] Gottlieb acknowledged last week that the bill that passed Tuesday would make it harder for him to protect patients than the more refined version, saying “we’d have to do a little bit more … in guidance and perhaps in regulation.”
House passes “right-to-try” — allowing the terminally ill to ask companies for experimental drugs outside of FDA’s purview [EndPoints] President Donald Trump has said he would sign the bill and Vice President Mike Pence said it was a priority for him. But Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ) called the bill “dangerous,” “not necessary” and said it “needlessly exposes patients to unknown risks.”
	6.13 Soins palliatifs
Palliative care training helps doctors steer cancer patients away from major surgery [Reuters] Researchers surveyed 102 surgeons, oncologists, intensive care specialists, and palliative care doctors near Sacramento, California, asking how they would respond to four different surgical conditions in patients with very advanced cancers.
	6.4 Médico-éco
Many cancer patients juggle care along with financial pain [AP] Cancer centers are hiring experts to help patients navigate the insurance system, while nonprofits are teaching people to think about handling costs when treatments starts instead of waiting for a financial crisis to hit.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
Automated Health Care Offers Freedom from Shame, But Is It What Patients Need? [New Yorker] Part of this openness stems from the presumed anonymity of telling something to a machine: computers seem private because of their very facelessness. Their anonymity can feel like a license to let go, even if the daily drumbeat of hacks, leaks, and other breaches reminds us that data are identifiable, indelible, and obtainable.