Onco Actu du 22 mai 2018

	1. Biologie
New Insights into Why and How Multiple Myeloma Arises [Cancer Research Catalyst] Our studies lay the groundwork for precision therapies of multiple myeloma for patients whose tumors carry KDM1A mutations, or express low levels of KDM1A.
Every Cell in Your Body Has the Same DNA. Except It Doesn’t. [NY Times] Before DNA sequencing was commonplace, scientists struggled to tell the genetic differences between human cells. Cancer offered the first clear evidence that humans, like plants, could become mosaics.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
Ultra-clean homes could trigger childhood leukaemia, major review suggests [The Telegraph] The new research is the most comprehensive analysis ever carried out into the illness, which is the most common type of childhood cancer, affecting more than 600 children each year in Britain.
Missing microbes 'cause' childhood cancer [BBC News] Prof Greaves adds: "The most important implication is that most cases of childhood leukaemia are likely to be preventable."
Infection theory could explain cause of common childhood leukaemia, says scientist [Cancer Research UK] And as Greaves says, we need to look at the bigger picture. Having older siblings, being breastfed and being in a nursery before a child’s first birthday all seem to reduce the risk of getting ALL.
Could childhood leukaemia become a thing of the past? [Institute of Cancer Research] The second step is crucial. Professor Greaves and colleagues have now shown that a second gene mutation occurs later in childhood and that it is triggered when children with the initial mutation (from step 1) fall ill with common infections, such as flu or other common viruses.
Most common childhood cancer 'partly caused by lack of infection' [The Guardian] Greaves and other scientists are anxious that no parents should feel in any way responsible for their child’s cancer, pointing out that keeping babies away from any source of infection is very normal behaviour – and that there is still an element of chance in developing the two genetic mutations.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Vanderbilt’s Alvarez: Gynecologists must properly assess all patients for cancer before surgery [The Cancer Letter] I think that it probably represents a failure in our health care system. It just points out an opportunity, from a quality improvement standpoint, to make sure that everybody who is going to have a hysterectomy has the appropriate assessment for the risk of cancer preoperatively.
Gynecology’s deadly surprise: Cancers are frequently missed prior to routine procedures [The Cancer Letter] Sarcomas are just one category of malignancies commonly missed by gynecologists. The new study by Yale researchers looks at prevalence of all malignancies—not just sarcomas—thereby taking the controversy to a new level.
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing [JAMA] The Implications of the US FDA’s First Marketing Authorization for BRCA Mutation Testing.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Early detection: a long road ahead [Nature Reviews Cancer] Recent data on blood-based tests for early cancer detection are promising, but many issues must be addressed before we have clinically useful blood-based screening tests.
	4.15 Dép., diag. & prono. - imagerie
MR spectroscopy imaging reveals effects of targeted treatment of mutant IDH1 gliomas [Mass. General Hospital] This type of methodology has the potential to accelerate clinical trials and translation of targeted therapies, such as mutant IDH inhibitors, and makes the concept of precision oncology feasible in glioma patients.
Publication of the Strategic Review of Bioimaging in the UK [BBSRC] The UK bioimaging landscape has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. Taking into account the scientific drivers, technological breakthroughs, substantial investments made and recent community mobilisation, as well as the changing European context, it was considered timely to conduct a strategic review of bioimaging to serve as an evaluation of BBSRC’s current and future approaches to support for bioimaging in the UK.
	5. Traitements
Improving Survival in Pancreatic Cancer with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy [Johns Hopkins] Pancreatic cancer patients with BRCA1/2 abnormalities saw worse overall survival (on average 20.2 months versus 27.8 months) and disease-free survival (on average 8.4 months versus 16.7 months) than pancreatic cancer patients without such abnormalities.
Article in NY Times describes how we might learn cancer cures from "Exceptional Responders" [Vinay Prasad] I find that there are lot of misunderstandings about super or exceptional responders (especially among "Experts"), we might need a #TWEETORIAL on the topic.
New Cancer Treatments Lie Hidden Under Mountains of Paperwork [NY Times] Dr. Wagle is making data from medical records and patients’ experiences public as he gets them. After 2 1/2 years, though, he is disappointed by how little there is to share.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Ovarian Cancer Drug Shows Promise in Pancreatic Cancer Patients with BRCA Mutation [Penn Medicine] Penn study suggests patients whose tumors didn’t progress on prior therapy may benefit the most from rucaparib.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Tecentriq (atezolizumab): FDA Alerts Health Care Professionals and Investigators: FDA Statement - Decreased Survival in Some Patients in Clinical Trials Associated with Monotherapy [FDA] In two ongoing clinical trials (KEYNOTE-361 and IMVIGOR-130), the Data Monitoring Committees’ (DMC) early reviews found patients in the monotherapy arms of both trials with PD-L1 low status had decreased survival compared to patients who received cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Dendreon Initiates Large-Scale Clinical Trial to Investigate PROVENGE® (sipuleucel-T) in Men with Early-Stage Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance [Dendreon] The ProVent clinical trial will assess the efficacy of PROVENGE in reducing histopathologic disease progression in men on AS, with a targeted enrollment of 450 participants.
	5.2 Pharma
ERLEADA™ Significantly Reduced Risk of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression in Patients with Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [Janssen] PSA outcomes data from Phase 3 SPARTAN clinical trial and population-based study of PSA doubling time in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were presented at the AUA 2018 Annual Meeting.
Forget RNA drugs. Accent gets $40M to develop small molecules that modify RNA instead [EndPoints] Although it’s easy to confuse what Accent is doing with RNA therapeutics, Copeland says there’s basically nothing in common.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Wrestling with setbacks, Celgene adds $65M discovery alliance with Evotec to beef up on new cancer drugs [EndPoints] There’s no mention about milestones in the two-paragraph release, other than a reference to “significant” biobucks.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Bay Area startup Rain Therapeutics nabs $18M Series A to target lung cancer niche [EndPoints] EGFRs (epidermal growth factor receptors) have been part of the game plan for blockbuster drugs like AstraZeneca’s Tagrisso and Roche’s Tecentriq, but the team at Rain believes there is yet an unmet niche within the niche that their drug could address.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA Approves Daratumumab for Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma who are Transplant Ineligible [ESMO] Approval in combination with VMP regimen marks fifth indication for daratumumab in multiple myeloma.
	5.5.8 ASCO (poumon)
ASCO pumps up a one-sided view of lung cancer screening: Here’s what most of the coverage missed [HealthNewsReview] None of the coverage provided numbers that an individual could use to actually make a decision about cancer screening.
	6.10 Politiques
UK’s powerful funding body takes shape [Nature] Organization that brings together all public research agencies outlines its plans.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
For cancer patients, Trump’s drug pricing proposal falls short [STAT] Containing costs for exorbitantly priced therapies is another must-do item. But we need to make sure any cost savings are passed directly to patients.
Trump official on defensive as critics scoff at drug plan [The Hill] President Trump's health chief is struggling to show that the administration is serious about taking on drug companies after its proposals for lowering prices last week left big companies relieved and even spurred an uptick in their stock prices.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
More patients are taking home recordings of their doctor visits. But who else could listen? [STAT] The rationale for the practice is as simple as the smartphone technology that enables it: having a recording improves patients’ understanding and recall of their doctor visits and helps them adhere to treatment regimens.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
Ethical, Social and Political Challenges of Artificial Interlligence in Health [Future Advocacy] This increasing use of AI in health is forcing nurses, doctors and researchers to ask: “How do longstanding principles of medical ethics apply in this new world of technological innovation?”
PM May challenges scientists to help transform Britain after Brexit [Reuters] Britain’s prime minister challenged scientists on Monday to help diagnose cancer earlier and create zero-emission cars, trying to reboot an industrial strategy all but eclipsed by Brexit, while acknowledging Britain’s reliance on foreign scientists.
The Guardian view on AI in the NHS: a good servant, when it’s not a bad master [The Guardian] AI won’t work miracles or make death unnecessary by letting people upload their minds into silicon, but it might catch cancers earlier. The prime minister on Monday said that 30,000 lives a year would be saved by 2030, mostly through earlier and more accurate diagnosis.
May to pledge millions to AI research assisting early cancer diagnosis [The Guardian] “The development of smart technologies to analyse great quantities of data quickly and with a higher degree of accuracy than is possible by human beings, opens up a whole new field of medical research and gives us a new weapon in our armoury in the fight against disease.”