Onco Actu du 13 avril 2018

	1. Biologie
Genetic changes linked to adult kidney cancer can occur in childhood [Wellcome Trust] This can be up to 50 years before the disease is diagnosed.
Piecing together kidney cancer evolution [Cancer Research UK] For lung cancer, that tantalising possibility was highlighted last year by a duo of landmark studies from the Cancer Research UK-funded TRACERx project, which is tracking the disease’s genetics over time. Now, a trio of scientific papers published in the journal Cell has unravelled the same details in kidney cancer, plotting the differences between patients’ cancers as they develop.
	1.1 Biologie - Gènes
St. Jude Cloud, largest public repository of pediatric cancer genomics data, launches for researchers worldwide [St. Jude Children's Research Hospital] St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, in collaboration with Microsoft and DNAnexus, offers extensive next-generation sequencing data and unique analysis tools to accelerate research and cures for life-threatening pediatric diseases.
	2.10 Etiologie - Alcool
Drinking an extra glass of wine 'will shorten your life by 30 minutes' [The Guardian] Drinking is as harmful as smoking and consuming more than five drinks a week lowers life expectancy, say researchers.
Did Drinking Give Me Breast Cancer? [Mother Jones] The science on the link is clear, but the alcohol industry has worked hard to downplay it.
	3.1 Prévention - Tabac
EU court adviser says ban on Swedish snuff tobacco product valid [Reuters] Snus, a moist, smokeless tobacco product, which is consumed by tucking a pinch of it between the gums and upper lip, is banned in all EU countries except for Sweden, which gained an exemption when joining the bloc in 1995.
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
FDA Finalizes NGS Guidances; Proposes Guidance on Investigational IVDs in Cancer Rx Trials [Genome Web] The agency hopes that the principles outlined in these documents will make the development of these NGS technologies more efficient as they are increasingly used in precision medicine approaches.
Next-generation sequencing: FDA offers guidance to streamline path to market [EndPoints] The finalized guidance documents provide NGS test developers with recommendations for designing, developing and validating tests, as well as using genetic variant databases to support clinical validity.
Leveraging Innovation for the Treatment of Cancer [FDA] The FDA’s vision is that NGS-based tests can be developed, validated, and offered for clinical use through a process that leverages appropriate standards for analytical validity – which is a measure of the test’s expected performance characteristics – along with methods for assuring quality systems controls, and community assessment of a test’s clinical validity. This combined approach can simplify the premarket review process.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Towards access to at least 1 million sequenced genomes in the European Union by 2022 [EAPM] 14 Member States signed on April 10th; Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Slovenia, Sweden and the U.K. Bulgaria and Croatia to sign in the coming days as well.
	5. Traitements
Last Month in Oncology with Dr. Bishal Gyawali: March 2018 [ecancernews] What happens when a drug is too toxic to develop as a monotherapy? Should it be combined with another toxic drug? Amazingly, this appears to be the justification for this study testing nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line treatment in renal cell cancer.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Cancer Protein Could Point to New Targets for Treatment [Howard Hughes Medical Institute] The crystal structure of a G protein commonly mutated in pituitary tumors could help researchers develop anti-cancer drugs.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Dual Targeting of BTK and BCL2 in Mantle-Cell Lymphoma [ESMO] A single-group, phase II study of daily oral ibrutinib plus venetoclax involving historical controls, showed that a dual targeting of BTK and BCL2 was consistent with improved outcomes in patients with MCL who had been predicted to have poor outcomes with current therapy.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Pivotal findings from the cancer-immunology nexus [Cross Talk] Calling immuno-oncology a single "field" is a little misleading. In truth, cancer immunology has splintered into many sub-disciplines, leading to many exciting translational discoveries. This year, Cell Press will release five new editions of our Cell Press Selections series, compiling research from across the many Cell Press journals to tell the story of how cancer immunology has developed into one of the most exciting topics in modern research.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Can CAR-T and gene therapy cures really sustain biopharma? Not for all, analyst says [FiercePharma] In its report, Goldman Sachs highlighted four “genome medicine disrupters and innovators” well positioned to find a business model in cures: BioMarin, Bluebird, CRISPR Therapeutics and AveXis, the latter of which was bought by Novartis earlier this week for $8.7 billion.
As gene editing explodes, a new report from Goldman says Chinese groups are seizing the lead on CRISPR and CAR-T studies [EndPoints] As of February, Goldman Sachs counted 153 CAR-T trials in China, compared to 164 in the US, 73 in Europe and 56 in all of the rest of the world combined.
	5.12.3 Immunothérapies-combinaisons
Life After ECHO-301: Lessons Learned About Modulating IDO/TDO To Treat Cancer [Life Sci VC] There are clear red flags on the path to the hype this study gathered, and hopefully we can collectively learn from that and emphasize both a) a more prudent approach to development of exciting early-stage assets, and b) a more cautious placement of expectations on the most advanced candidates with a novel target.
	5.12.4 Immunothérapies - Essais
Roche’s immunotherapy lucky streak ends with deaths in trial [Pharmafile] Roche’s Tecentriq had begun to show signs of reviving its hopes in the competitive PD-1/L1 market, succeeding in two Phase 3 trials in lung cancer and receiving a NICE approval. A drug’s work is never done when it comes to snagging more indications but Roche have hit a stumbling block in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), after four patient deaths in a trial.
	5.12.7 Immunothérapies - vaccins
New Ovarian Cancer Vaccine Shows Promise [The Scientist] A preliminary clinical trial finds that the personalized therapy improves survival rates and has no severe side-effects.
A personalized vaccine helps patients fight back against ovarian cancer [LA Times] The experimental therapy, described this week in the journal Science Translational Medicine, weaves together a number of approaches that are collectively driving innovations in cancer treatment.
	5.2.2 Pharma - Fusions & Acquisitions
Pfizer's Deal Potential Doesn't Stop at Bristol-Myers [Bloomberg] From Eli Lilly to Celgene, there are several other options it could consider.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Abpro files $69M IPO to take bispecific antibodies into the clinic [FierceBiotech] The Woburn, Massachusetts-based company says in its filing prospectus that it intends to start testing ABP-100—a four-headed antibody targeting two sites apiece for HER2 and CD3—in the first half of 2019. The first trial will be run in patients with HER2-positive solid tumors, focusing on orphan indications.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
EMA reviewing risk of dosing errors with methotrexate [EMA] When used for inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis and psoriasis, methotrexate is taken once a week whereas for some types of cancer, the dose is higher and the medicine is used more frequently. Mistakes have led to some patients incorrectly receiving a dose every day instead of every week.
Does the FDA’s ‘breakthrough’ drug program need to be reformed? Harvard skeptics say yes [EndPoints] Increasingly, the critics note, the agency is approving breakthrough drugs on less and less data, leaving their relative value over current therapies untested and uncertain.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
As cancer drug prices climb, value not keeping pace [Reuters] They analyzed 42 clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006-2015 to determine whether the drugs’ clinical benefits were also rising as prices climbed. All of the studies were in patients with advanced cancer. Monthly costs for the drugs ranged from $5,454 to $45,004, and the average was $13,176.
	5.9 AACR
Highlighting Pediatric Preclinical Drug Testing at the Annual Meeting 2018 [Cancer Resarch Catalyst] The ITCC-P4, established in 2017, is a five-year project driven by 21 different partner organizations across eight countries and represents an exciting public-private partnership, supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative in Europe, dedicated to addressing unmet clinical needs in the pediatric arena.
Advice from Advocates: How to Navigate the Annual Meeting [AACR] Bob Riter was diagnosed with stage II breast cancer 21 years ago. Carole Baas was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ 14 years ago and has participated in SSP as both an advocate and advocate mentor.​ We are grateful to Bob and Carole for sharing their advice.
	5.9.8 AACR - Pharma
Seattle Genetics Highlights Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate Technologies and Immuno-Oncology Program Advances at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting [Seattle Genetics] Data include preclinical and clinical advances with ADCETRIS® (brentuximab vedotin), ladiratuzumab vedotin, SGN-CD48A and SGN-2FF. Additionally, Seattle Genetics will present the first preclinical data describing the novel empowered antibody SEA-BCMA.
	6.4 Médico-éco
Payment Bundles That Include Drug Costs May Destabilize Cancer Care Delivery Environment [ASCO] New Report Suggests Clinical Pathways and Alternative Payment Models Have Potential to Help Contain Costs with Less Risk.