Onco Actu du 5 mars 2018

	1. Biologie
CRISPR ‘gone wild’ has made stocks swoon, but studies show how to limit off-target editing [STAT] A key question for genome editors is whether doing that will require sequencing the entire genome of patients in clinical trials. That could be expensive. Another question is how to handle humans’ tremendous genetic diversity.
The Man Who Uncovered a New (Old) Way to Fight Cancer [MIT Technology Review] Cancer metabolism research appeared to be dead, until Vander Heiden helped launch its revival around two decades ago. Today it’s among the hottest areas of the field, spawning conferences, journals, and promising new therapies. And it has fundamentally changed the way many researchers understand cancer and its origins.
	2.11 Etiologie - Alimentation
Why are all nutrition studies untrustworthy? The problem is you [New Food Economy] What happens if survey-based data suddenly become unacceptable? A lot of nutrition researchers will quickly discover it’s a lot harder to find funding, conduct studies, and publish the kinds of articles that provide tenure, job security, and prestige. And these endangered scholars are the peers who pass judgment on the articles that appear in peer-reviewed journals.
	2.8 Etiologie - Contraceptifs, THS
Weighing the Risks and Benefits of Hormonal Contraception [JAMA] Hormonal contraception not only is effective in preventing pregnancy, it also lowers the risk of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and colorectal cancer and is effective in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, heavy and painful periods, and severe acne. “Plus, pregnancy itself is not free of risk, and I think this is an important point,” Manson said.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
Groundhog day as vapers try to talk their way into our smokefree public places [Croakey] NSW Health Minister Brad Hazzard tweeted over the weekend that NSW would not be allowing vaping where smoking was banned. This is prudent, responsible health policy that will be very welcomed by the 85% of adults who don’t smoke.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Eliminating cervical cancer globally is within reach if governments act [The Guardian] We have the unique opportunity to wipe out a cancer that kills 250,000 women worldwide each year .
Australia could become first country to eradicate cervical cancer [The Guardian] In 2016, 78.6% of 15-year old girls and 72.9% of 15-year old boys had been vaccinated. As a result, the HPV rate among women aged 18 to 24 dropped from 22.7% to 1.1% between 2005 and 2015.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Fred Hutch team receives $7.5M NCI grant to improve cancer screening [Fred Hutch] PROSPR II consortium aims to refine detection of cervical, colorectal and lung cancers.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Prostate test 'breakthrough' in NHS trial [BBC News] Currently a test for men with prostate cancer requires an MRI scan and a biopsy where a dozen samples are taken, requiring multiple hospital visits. But a new "one-stop" service will be trialled in three west London hospitals which hopes to complete all the necessary tests in one day.
	4.5 Dép., diag. & prono. - Colorectal
Large Variations in Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates Exist Throughout the United States [AACR] Nationwide analysis revealed that 67.3 percent of the adult population ages 50 to 75 was current with CRC screening.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
New method identifies splicing biomarkers for liver cancer [Cold Spring Harbor Lab] Fixing AFMID splicing could lead to enhanced production of NAD+ and an increase in DNA repair. “If we can do this, AFMID splicing can become a therapeutic target and the source of a new drug for liver cancer,” Lin says. Preliminary experiments suggest the team is on the right track.
New class of drugs effective against one of the toughest cancers to treat [Institute of Cancer Research] New Hsp90 inhibitor drugs, which work by destroying several cancer signals at once, were particularly effective at killing bile duct cancer cells when grown in dishes or transplanted into mice. The team at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, also uncovered a marker indicating whether cancers were likely to respond well to the treatment.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Unum plays its first glimpse of human data in an $86M IPO, revealing two deaths and an FDA hold [EndPoints] With just a handful of patients in the first round of clinical trials, Unum is also revealing publicly for the first time that it ran squarely into lethal rates of dose-limiting toxicity that killed two patients in one arm and forced it to abandon their high dose after the FDA slapped a clinical hold on the study.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Will Personalized Medicine Mean Higher Costs for Consumers? [Harvard Business Review] If we want to patients to be able to access to new therapies, risk adjustment models have to be updated more frequently to incorporate technological advances.
Pfizer, Merck KGaA nab NICE's favor for Bavencio in Merkel cell carcinoma [FiercePharma] The cost watchdog has recommended the drug for routine use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland for adults who have already been through one or more lines of chemo.
Removing the blindfold on medicines pricing [BMJ] Indeed, limited information on the value of a new medicine is available when prices are negotiated. New medicines have been used in a relatively small number of people; longer term, larger scale, quality data on safety, efficacy, and effect on quality of life or health systems may not yet exist. Even when they do, such data may not be publicly available: despite widespread requirements that clinical trial results be published, most are not.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Quality Cancer Care Week [ECCO] A centrepiece activity of the week will be a multi-stakeholder high-level meeting in the European Parliament on Tuesday, 6 March 2018.
	6.4 Médico-éco
Cancer costs more than having a child, landmark study shows [The Telegraph] Macmillan Cancer Support found the financial impact of the disease - the combination of lost income and extra outgoings, such as travel to hospital appointments - amounts to £5,380 a year. The figure is almost £1,500 more than the estimated annual costs of bringing up a child, according to local government surveys.
	6.6 Publications
How to write a first-class paper [Nature] Six experts offer advice on producing a manuscript that will get published and pull in readers.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
Analysis - Big pharma, big data: why drugmakers want your health records [Reuters] “You are going to see more deals,” said Susan Garfield, a partner in EY’s life sciences advisory practice. “Data already has tremendous value and it is going to have increasing value in future. The question is who is going to own and capture it.”
	6.8 Communication
Social media gives early clues to adverse drug reactions in cancer, Stanford researchers find [Stanford Medicine] Using this technique to examine past posts the team was able to see that patients began discussing potential adverse effects related to their chemotherapy treatments much sooner than they were formally linked by the FDA or in scientific publications. They also identified in 23 people a potentially new relationship between use of the drug erlotinib and a loss of ability to sweat properly.