Onco Actu du 13 février 2018

	1. Biologie
On the trail of invasive cells in breast cancer [Nature] During breast-cancer progression, tumour cells that arise in the milk duct spread elsewhere in the breast. The origin of these invasive tumour cells is now revealed by an analysis of spatially defined single cells.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
Balancing the benefits and risks of electronic cigarettes [Mass. General Hospital] Commentary from Mass. General physician outlines the findings of NASEM committee.
	3.6 Prévention - Activité physique
Incorporating Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout the Cancer Care Continuum Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) [National Academies Press] The purpose of this workshop was to highlight the current evidence base, gaps in knowledge, and research needs on the associations among obesity, physical activity, weight management, and health outcomes for cancer survivors, as well as to examine the effectiveness of interventions for promoting physical activity and weight management among people living with or beyond cancer.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Rewriting Life 2017 was the year consumer DNA testing blew up [MIT Technology Review] More people took genetic ancestry tests last year than in all previous years, combined.
	5. Traitements
The Drug Development Paradigm in Oncology Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) [National Academies Press] This workshop convened cancer researchers, patient advocates, and representatives from industry, academia, and government to discuss challenges with traditional approaches to drug development, opportunities to improve the efficiency of drug development, and strategies to enhance the information available about a cancer therapy throughout its life cycle in order to improve its use in clinical practice.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Cancer-fighting nanorobots seek and destroy tumors [Arizona State University] “Moreover, this technology is a strategy that can be used for many types of cancer, since all solid tumor-feeding blood vessels are essentially the same,” Yan said.
DNA Robots Target Cancer [The Scientist] The authors showed in the study that the nanorobots didn’t cause clotting in major tissues in miniature pigs, which satisfies some safety concerns, but Yan agrees that more work is needed. “We are interested in looking further into the practicalities of this work in mouse models,” he writes.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Soft chemotherapy is very effective in older patients when added to targeted treatment in an aggressive breast cancer subtype [EORTC] Professor Hans Wildiers, a medical oncologist from the University Hospital Leuven, Belgium, and colleagues from Italy, the UK, Portugal, and France, randomised 80 patients to the targeted therapies trastumuzab and pertuzumab (TP) or to TP plus metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (TPM).
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Smart bomb virus shows promise as brain tumor immunotherapy [MD Anderson Cancer Center] In clinical trial, 20 percent of patients with recurrent glioblastoma live 3-plus years.
Newly identified potential therapeutic approach kills triple-negative breast cancer cells in pre-clinical study [MD Anderson Cancer Center] A team of researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center revealed that in TNBC a cell process called glycosylation is required for PD-L1/PD1 molecules to interact and identified exactly how and why glycosylation is so crucial.
Execs Talk Hurdles As Immunotherapy Combos, CAR-T Launches Progress [Xconomy] More than 1,000 combination trials are underway. Panel moderator and Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Asthika Goonewardene noted that this year, 21 Phase 3 clinical trials involving combinations of immunotherapies will produce data.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
France's Cellectis wins U.S patents for gene editing technology [Reuters] The patents come on the back of another granted last year by the European Patent Office. Cellectis said it intended to make the three patents available for future licensing deals.
	5.2 Pharma
U.S., EU and Japan Health Authorities Accept Regulatory Submissions for Review of Pfizer’s Third-Generation ALK Inhibitor Lorlatinib [Pfizer] The submissions are based on Phase 2 data from a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT01970865) of lorlatinib, evaluating patients treated in distinct cohorts based on prior therapy.
Janssen Submits Marketing Authorisation Application for Apalutamide to Treat Patients with High-Risk Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [Janssen] The submission is based on data from the pivotal SPARTAN Phase 3 clinical trial which assessed the safety and efficacy of apalutamide versus placebo in men with nmCRPC who have a rapidly rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, despite receiving continuous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
AVEO Announces EUSA Pharma Granted Positive NICE Recommendation for FOTIVDA® (tivozanib) as First Line Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma [Aveo] Recommendation Triggers $2M Milestone Payment from EUSA to AVEO.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA Approves Targeted Radiotherapy for Neuroendocrine Tumors [Cancer Research Catalyst] The new therapeutic—lutetium (Lu) 177 dotatate (Lutathera)—is a targeted form of systemic radiotherapy. It is approved for treating adult patients who have gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with somatostatin receptor on the surface.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
NICE backs EUSA’s kidney cancer drug Fotivda [PharmaTimes] In clinical trials, patients treated with Fotivda (tivozanib) experienced superior progression free survival - 11.9 versus 9.1 months in the overall population and 12.7 versus 9.1 months in treatment naïve patients - versus Bayer’s Nexavar (sorafenib).
Analysis: Trump budget tries to address drug prices, but leaves list prices untouched [STAT] Even with few concrete details, patient and consumer groups were quick to criticize the narrow scope of the proposals — and to point out that pharmaceutical companies weren’t directly the targets of any of the interventions.
Contribution of NIH funding to new drug approvals 2010–2016 [PNAS] This analysis, which captures basic research on biological targets as well as applied research on NMEs, suggests that the NIH contribution to research associated with new drug approvals is greater than previously appreciated and highlights the risk of reducing federal funding for basic biomedical research.
NIH funding contributed to 210 approved drugs in recent years, study says [STAT] And of those 210 drugs, 84 were first-in-class drugs, meaning they treat disease through novel mechanisms or molecular targets. More than $64 billion in NIH funding was poured into research that ultimately contributed to the development of those drugs.
	5.5 ASCO
Web-Based Intervention Helps Kids Stay Physically Active After Cancer Treatment [ASCO] Researchers randomly assigned 97 survivors ages 11 to 15 who were no longer receiving cancer treatment and were physically active less than 60 minutes a day to a web-based physical activity intervention or to a control group.
Therapeutic Sexual Aids Frequently Not Available for Cancer Survivors Who Need Them [ASCO] The study authors contacted staff at 25 National Cancer Institute- (NCI-) designated cancer centers to see if they had sexual aids available in their facilities.
Many Young Adult Cancer Survivors Do Not Seek Follow-up Care After Treatment Ends [ASCO] The length of time since their final cancer treatment visit was the most significant factor in not scheduling a follow-up appointment, with 48% of the people in the 2005-2009 group not having a follow-up visit in 2016 vs. 33% of those in the 2010-2014 group not having a visit in 2016.
Exercise Speeds Improvement in Arm Mobility After Surgery for Breast Cancer [ASCO] This analysis is part of a phase III randomized clinical trial, the Lymphedema Education and Prevention study, which is looking at whether education, with or without tailored exercise, including a visit to a physical therapist, can help prevent lymphedema in women with breast cancer who have axillary lymph node dissection.
Exercising During Chemotherapy for Breast or Colon Cancer Has Long-Term Benefits [ASCO] Researchers will present their findings at the upcoming 2018 Cancer Survivorship Symposium in Orlando, Florida.
	6.1 Observation
Obesity associated with longer survival for men with metastatic melanoma [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Unexpected result launches search for underlying cause, including hormonal impact.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
NIH stays flat, absorbs three institutes in president’s 2019 budget proposal [Science] The White House also wants to cut the maximum amount of a salary payable with NIH grant funds from $187,000 to $152,000. In the past, such efforts to reduce the NIH salary cap—usually proposed by Congress—have drawn opposition from academic medical centers.
A Better Way to Provide a 'Right to Try' [Bloomberg] First, make sure the FDA stays involved.
	6.6 Publications
Researchers debate whether journals should publish signed peer reviews [Science] An informal poll of meeting attendees found overwhelming support for publishing reviews and making them easily searchable online by assigning them the digital object identifier (DOI) tracking numbers that other scientific publications receive.
	6.9 Controverses
Few UK universities have adopted rules against impact-factor abuse [Nature] Institutions have made little progress against the misuse of research metrics when hiring and promoting academics.