Onco Actu du 13 décembre 2017

	1. Biologie
Roswell Park Research Suggests New Strategy for Unleashing Cancer-Fighting Power of p53 Gene [Roswell Park Cancer Institute] Study in Nature Communications also adds weight to evidence that antioxidants can hamper chemotherapy.
Cancer-causing mutation suppresses immune system around tumours [Institute of Cancer Research] The research, published in Immunity, shows that mutated Ras genes can suppress the immune system around tumours by increasing levels of a protein called ‘PD-L1’.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
Some facts about glyphosate [European Commission] 12 December 2017: the Commission has adopted the act to renew the approval of glyphosate for 5 years.
EU renews approval for herbicide glyphosate for five years [Reuters] The Commission said in a statement it would introduce measures early in 2018 to make decisions on pesticides more transparent and to enhance the quality and independence of scientific assessments.
	3.1 Prévention - Tabac
Holding Tobacco Companies Accountable for Deceptive Ads [Cancer Research Catalyst] The AACR and its Tobacco and Cancer Subcommittee is calling upon state and city officials to raise the sale age of tobacco products to 21, pass comprehensive smoke-free laws, increase individual states’ tobacco taxes, ban kid-friendly flavors in all tobacco products, and increase funding for tobacco prevention and cessation programs.
Health warnings on cigarettes could deter young people [Cancer Research UK] A health warning on the side of each cigarette meant young people – including smokers and non-smokers – were around three times less likely to want to try them than standard cigarettes. Smokers were the most put off by them.
'Heat not burn' cigarettes still harmful to health, say government advisers [The Guardian] Tobacco companies hail non burning cigarettes as safer option, but a government advisory board says although they are less risky they are still not safe.
"Heat-not-burn" tobacco may be safer but still a risk: UK panel [Reuters] The Committee of Toxicology's report to Public Health England (PHE) said people using such products were exposed to between 50 and 90 percent fewer harmful and potentially harmful chemicals compared with conventional cigarettes. But it was unable to quantify the risk precisely versus conventional cigarettes or e-cigarettes because of limited data.
	3.8 Prévention - Alimentation
Disclosures in Nutrition Research [JAMA] Authors who have strong beliefs and make highly committed choices for diet or other behaviors should not hesitate to disclose them. Doing so may help everyone understand who is promoting what and why.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
How privacy policies affect genetic testing [MIT News] Policies that focus on the privacy risks of genetic testing, and ask for patient consent to those risks, lead to a reduction in tests performed. But policies that emphasize limits to further disclosure of genetic data without consent, and explicitly define genetic data as the property of the patient, lead to an increase in the number of tests performed.
	5.12.7 Immunothérapies - vaccins
Aduro buries another cancer vaccine after CRS-207 joins the lineup of clinical disasters [EndPoints] This is just the latest in a long line of failures by a cancer vaccine.
Aduro Biotech Provides Update on CRS-207 Programs [Aduro] Based on preliminary results from its mesothelioma and ovarian studies, as well as a business and commercial assessment, the company has determined that it will not continue advancement of CRS-207 and will wind down each of its trials in mesothelioma, ovarian and gastric cancer.
	5.12.8 Immunothérapies - Economie
PsiOxus banks first milestone for BMS-backed cancer therapy [FierceBiotech] NG-348 virus uses PsiOxus’ tumor-specific immuno-gene therapy (T-SIGn) platform to arm the virus with two additional immuno-therapeutic transgenes. The idea is that the virus replicates within cancer cells and not within normal tissue, causing an inflammatory response that encourages lymphocytes to collect and attack the tumor.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Daiichi Sankyo and Puma Biotechnology Announce Research Collaboration with Major Cancer Center in HER2-Mutated Cancer [Puma] "We are excited to join forces with Memorial Sloan Kettering and Puma to advance the understanding of combining HER2-targeted therapies to potentially treat various forms of HER2-mutated cancer.”
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
Acalabrutinib Receives FDA Approval for Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCI] FDA based its approval on data from a single-arm clinical trial of 124 patients with mantle cell lymphoma whose cancer had progressed or returned after at least one prior treatment regimen. All the patients received acalabrutinib. The trial was sponsored by AstraZeneca, which manufactures acalabrutinib.
	5.7 SABCS
Myriad's BRACAnalysis CDx® Test Effectively Identified Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Improved Outcomes from Pfizer's PARP Inhibitor, Talazoparib [Myriad] The study included approximately 400 patients, all of whom tested positive for germline BRCA mutations as determined by Myriad's FDA-approved BRACAnalysis CDx test.
	5.8.1 ASH - Communiqués
Late-Breaking Clinical Trials Signal New Therapeutic Options for Many Patients in the Near Term [ASH] The first study addresses the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to safely treat dangerous blood clots in patients with cancer. The second reports a significant breakthrough for reducing risks during the most acute period of the rare blood disorder thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). In the third and fourth studies, new drugs show remarkable improvements over standard care for multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, respectively.
	5.8.5 ASH - Myélome multiple
ASH: Johnson & Johnson scores big Darzalex win in first-line myeloma, slashing risks in half [FiercePharma] The way the company sees it, this is only the beginning of the drug’s journey into first-line use.
DARZALEX® (daratumumab) Combination Regimen Significantly Improved Outcomes for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients who are Transplant Ineligible [Janssen] Phase 3 ALCYONE data showed DARZALEX in combination with bortezomib, melphalan and prednisone meaningfully improved progression-free survival and response rates.
GSK hails progress on its most advanced cancer drug [The Telegraph] The positive phase one/two trial data paves the way for a wider phase three trial before potential approval for patients.
	5.8.6 ASH - Leucémies
ASH: AbbVie's Venclexta trounces chemo in Rituxan CLL combo study [FiercePharma] Venclexta’s makers are hoping to broaden the med’s reach in CLL, where it's currently approved specifically for CLL associated with a mutation called the 17p deletion.
Study identifies agent that can reverse resistance to targeted drug in some leukemia cell types [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] Lane's team found that the pathway shuts down when a process known as DNA methylation silences a gene called DPH1. When the researchers treated such cells with azacitidine, a drug that reverses the methylation process, DPH1 became active again, making the cells sensitive to SL-401 again.
Roche announces phase III data showing Venclexta/Venclyxto plus MabThera/Rituxan reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 83% compared to a standard of care regimen in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia [Roche] This chemotherapy-free combination showed improvements across multiple efficacy measures compared to bendamustine plus MabThera/Rituxan in the pivotal MURANO trial.
	5.8.7 ASH - Lymphomes
ASH: Merck's Keytruda nabs speedy FDA review in non-Hodgkin lymphoma [FiercePharma] The designation lines up a speedy review for Keytruda as regulators sift through results from Merck’s Keynote-170 trial, which showed Keytruda could provoke a response in 41% of patients and a complete response in 24% of them.
	6.1 Observation
Use of chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer declines [Stanford Medicine] Chemotherapy use in patients with no lymph node involvement declined from 26.6 percent to 14.1 percent; in patients with lymph node involvement, it declined from 81.1 percent to 64.2 percent.
Fewer women getting chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer [UPI] According to researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine and the University of Michigan, the numbers suggest doctors are altering the way they practice and taking a more individualized approach to cancer treatment.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
Loss of net neutrality could harm research [Nature] Moves to create a multi-speed Internet could push science into the slow lane.
	6.7.1 Bioinformatique
No, Google's AI Program Can't Build Your Genome Sequence [Forbes] So does Google have a new genome assembly program, and is it based on some gee-whiz AI algorithm? No. Not even close. Let's look at some of the ways that the Google announcement, and the Wired article that followed it, are misleading or over-hyped.