Onco Actu du 6 septembre 2017

	1. Biologie
Plot a course through the genome [Nature] Inspired by Google Maps, a suite of tools is allowing researchers to chart the complex conformations of chromosomes.
	2.8 Etiologie - Contraceptifs, THS
Vaginal estrogen not tied to cancer or heart disease risks [Reuters] For the current study, researchers examined data on 45,663 women in the WHI study who didn’t take HRT pills. After an average follow-up of more than six years, there wasn’t a meaningful difference in the odds of cancer, stroke or blood clots based on whether or not women used vaginal estrogen.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
A Prize for Cancer Prevention [Cell] This year’s Lasker-DeBakey Prize for Clinical Research to Douglas Lowy and John Schiller celebrates the science behind one of the greatest advances in the history of cancer research.
Lasker Prizes go to Planned Parenthood and Developers of HPV Vaccine [NY Times] Dr. Douglas R. Lowy and Dr. John T. Schiller received the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for technological advances that enabled the development of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, such as Gardasil, which are typically given to adolescents before they are sexually active.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
New Analysis Confirms Suspected Bias of Large U.S. Prostate Screening Study [ACS] Screening recommendations from the American Cancer Society and others have acknowledged the limitation of the U.S. trial, so this new analysis does not significantly change the body of evidence on which our recommendations are based.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Myriad Launches riskScore™ Beginning the Next Epoch in Hereditary Cancer Testing [Myriad] Provides Individualized Breast Cancer Risk for Patients Testing Negative with the myRisk® Hereditary Cancer Test.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Zika virus selectively infects and kills glioblastoma cells in mice [NIH] The researchers caution that ZIKV may behave differently when introduced to an active glioblastoma in a living person. Even if further studies continue to yield promising results, any potential treatment derived from ZIKV would need many years of rigorous testing for safety and efficacy.
Zika virus shrinks brain tumours in lab tests [Cancer Research UK] "This study is very exciting. It shows, as predicted, that the virus is highly selective for glioma stem cells".
Gut Microbes May Promote Immune Responses Against Colorectal Cancer [AACR] “Our findings may open the way toward the development of new treatments aimed at modifying the gut flora to promote the infiltration of colorectal cancers by lymphocytes displaying anti-tumor effects.”
Zika virus used to treat aggressive brain cancer [BBC News] Human trials are still a way off, but experts believe Zika virus could potentially be injected into the brain at the same time as surgery to remove life-threatening tumours, the Journal of Experimental Medicine reports.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Crizotinib Shows Promise for Childhood Cancers [NCI] The trial enrolled 26 children with relapsed and difficult-to-cure: anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), which is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and a rare soft tissue sarcoma known as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT).
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Patient’s Immune Status Associated with Outcome Following Third-generation CAR T–Cell Therapy [AACR] Treatment with third-generation CAR T–cell therapy led to a complete response in six of 15 patients with a CD19-positive B-cell malignancy and overall survival was associated with the patient’s immune status.
	5.12.3 Immunothérapies-combinaisons
Inactivated Vaccinia Virus Safe and Effective Against Advanced Cancers Alone or in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors [AACR] Deng and collagues found that the combination of intratumoral injection of heat-inactivated MVA (iMVA) and immune checkpoint inhibitors led to efficient eradication of large, established tumors and distant non-injected tumors in mice.
	5.12.6 Immunothérapies - AMM
European Commission Approves Merck’s KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) for the Treatment of Certain Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma, a Type of Bladder Cancer [Merck] Only Anti-PD-1 Therapy to Demonstrate Superior Overall Survival Versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Post-Platinum Failure.
	5.2.2 Pharma - Fusions & Acquisitions
Here’s the inside account of Gilead’s 11-week sprint to its $12B Kite buyout [EndPoints] By mid-June the two CEOs, John Milligan and Arie Belldegrun, got into the act. And over the next 11 weeks the overture turned passionate.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
ASCO spotlight presaged two more biotech IPOs angling for $215M [EndPoints] Two biotechs which spotlighted new cancer data during the last round at ASCO in early June are lining up IPOs to help fund their late-stage R&D work. Both companies (Deciphera & Nucana) filed in the lead-up to the long weekend.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Reporting side effects of medicines [EMA] EMA launches survey to assess whether patients and doctors are aware of the arrangements for reporting of side effects.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Novartis charged much more in the U.S. for some drugs than in other countries [STAT] The Femara breast cancer drug cost the U.S. unit $553 for a month’s supply of 2.5 mg tablets, while in Germany, the cost was slightly more than $199. In the U.K., the cost amounted to $151 and it was $114 in France.
	5.6.4 ESMO - Poumon
Roche presents data from global phase III study showing significant clinical benefit of Alecensa (alectinib) in later-line advanced ALK-positive lung cancer [Roche] ALUR study shows 85% reduction in risk of disease worsening or death versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC who had progressed on chemotherapy and crizotinib.
ESMO 2017 Press Release: Alectinib: ALEX and ALUR Trials Show CNS Benefit in NSCLC [ESMO] Data from two separate phase 3 studies to be presented at the ESMO 2017 Congress in Madrid, show alectinib’s particular central nervous system (CNS) activity in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving a mutation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK-positive NSCLC).
Roche lung cancer drug Alecensa slashes brain risk in tests [Reuters] Clinical results in June had already shown Alecensa worked better than Xalkori. The new data adds to evidence of its benefits, with Roche’s drug shown to control existing brain metastases and inhibit the formation of new ones.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Written Treatment Summaries Are Crucial to Meeting Needs for Information on Recurrence, Fertility, and Late Treatment Effects in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors [ESMO] Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors have different needs for information and supportive care than older patients.
Young cancer patients advocate for improved care [BMJ Blogs] There was a sense of purpose in the air at the Youth Cancer Europe (YCE) annual meeting in Vilnius last week, as over 100 attendees from 22 countries gathered to discuss the most pressing issues facing young people who have successfully survived treatment for cancer or are currently undergoing treatment for it.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
Budget battle looms for US science programmes [Nature] Judging by deliberations amongst lawmakers so far, experts say that the NIH will probably get a boost from both the House and the Senate.
	6.6 Publications
Journal policies that encourage data sharing prove extremely effective [LSE Impact Blog] Scientists are evaluated based on how much they publish and how often they’re cited. If they don’t receive credit for sharing all details of their work, but instead run the risk colleagues will criticise their choices (or worse: find errors!), why would they do it?