Onco Actu du 12 septembre 2017

	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
Purdue researchers create device to identify risks for breast cancer [Purdue University] The device, known as risk-on-a-chip, is a small plastic case with several thin layers and an opening for a piece of paper where researchers can place a portion of tissue. This tiny environment produces risk factors for cancer and mimics what happens in a living organism.
	2.9 Etiologie - Tabac
‘Epigenetic’ Changes From Cigarette Smoke May be First Step in Lung Cancer Development [Johns Hopkins] Details of the scientists’ experiments are described in the Sept. 11 issue of Cancer Cell.
	3.1 Prévention - Tabac
Using history as a guide to end tobacco addiction [Stanford Medicine] I also believe we need to explore what I call ‘the causes of causes.’ Cigarette smoking causes disease, but what causes cigarette smoking? Too often we end with the individual, rather than going upstream to the source of the problem in the first place
	3.7 Prévention - Alcool
Drinks industry accused of downplaying 'alcohol-cancer risk' [NHS Choices] This analysis highlights how these strategies could be detrimental to public health.
	3.8 Prévention - Alimentation
Wholegrains and bowel cancer – what you need to know [Cancer Research UK] The WCRF report found, based on all the studies published on wholegrains and bowel cancer to date, that for every 90g of wholegrains eaten daily, there was a 17% reduction in bowel cancer risk.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
British biotech behind blood tests for cancer strikes deal with German drugs giant [The Telegraph] Angle hopes the deal, which gives it access to Qiagen’s customer base of more than 500,000, will be the first of many with big pharma as it looks to commercialise its technology.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Too few women with breast cancer get genetic testing [Reuters] Among women diagnosed with breast cancer, about 36 percent were eligible for genetic testing but just 15 percent got tested, the study found. Only 11 percent of women with ovarian cancer got tested.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Hologic's 3Dimensions™ Mammography System Now Available in Europe [PR Newswire] Fastest, Highest Resolution Breast Tomosynthesis System is Designed to Increase Clinical Confidence, Accuracy and Patient Comfort.
	5. Traitements
A Pill Might Control Pancreatic Cancer, Even If It Doesn't Cure It [Forbes] “In BRCA-positive patients with pancreatic cancer, the response to platinum tends to be strong and sustained,” Reiss said. “We’ll see if we can use chemotherapy as an ‘induction’ treatment, to shrink the tumor down, and then press back on the chemo,” she said.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Viruses may boost immunotherapy success [Cancer Research UK] The studies, one in 21 patients and the other in mice, injected viruses into ‘cold’ tumours that the immune system misses to make them ‘hot’.
	5.12.1 Immunothérapies - partenariats
Transgene Receives FDA IND Approval to Begin a Clinical Trial with TG4010 + Nivolumab + Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Lung Cancer (NSCLC) [Transgene] Phase 2 Clinical Trial in Collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb .
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Amid Setback, Researchers Forge Ahead with “Off-the-Shelf” Immune Cells to Treat Cancer [MIT Technology Review] Dubbed “off-the-shelf” immune cells, these therapies have problems of their own. The FDA this week halted a clinical trial of an off-the-shelf therapy developed by French biotech firm Cellectis after a 78-year-old patient died.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
AstraZeneca Wins in Cancer by Going Its Own Way [Bloomberg] There's a troubling tendency in this market for companies to ape each other and run the same types of studies in the same cancers, afraid of ceding markets to their competitors. Trekking alone into the clinical-trial unknown can feel riskier. But the rewards are far higher.
	5.12.6 Immunothérapies - AMM
CAR T-Cell Therapy Approved for Some Children and Young Adults with Leukemia [NCI] For nearly 2 decades, NCI researchers have led the effort to advance cellular therapies for cancer—research that laid the groundwork for the approval of tisagenlecleucel.
	5.12.8 Immunothérapies - Economie
New Gene-Therapy Treatments Will Carry Whopping Price Tags [NY Times] Drug makers argue that the prices ought to reflect the value of a curative treatment to the patient. Dr. Kesselheim and other experts are far from convinced. “We don’t pay the fire department that way,” he said.
	5.2 Pharma
Pharma’s five favorite tricks to protect a monopoly [STAT] Here’s a new one: Allergan, hoping to protect its blockbuster eye drug from a patent challenge, sold the intellectual property to a Native American tribe. Because that tribe has sovereignty in the U.S., Allergan’s patents are now theoretically immune from certain types of patent challenges.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Roche shares hit by trial flops, fears over biosimilar defense [Reuters] The recent flops, coupled with disappointing results this year on its immunotherapy Tecentriq and its Herceptin-Perjeta combination, underscore the challenge Roche faces.
Lilly Cuts Back, Again [In the Pipeline] The days of two approvals a year, as forecast by their CEO in 2010, have never quite arrived.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
How the EU regulates medicines [EMA] The European Medicines Agency (EMA) will host an awareness session to present the European Union’s (EU) medicines regulatory system and EMA’s role in it to international regulators and non-governmental organisations.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Gottlieb Targets Drug Development Costs, Clinical Development Efficiencies [RAPS] "Moreover, on a relative basis, in many cases the costs of early stage drug development has grown at a proportionally faster rate than the cost of late stage drug development. In other words, inflation in early stage drug trials is rising faster than inflation in late stage development."
R&D Costs For Cancer Drugs Are Likely Much Less Than Industry Claims, Study Finds [NPR] In an invited commentary that accompanies the JAMA Internal Medicine analysis, Merrill Goozner, editor emeritus of the magazine Modern Healthcare, notes that "the industry consistently generates the highest profit margins among all U.S. industries."
Dr. Gottlieb's speech to the Regulatory Affairs Professsionals Society (RAPS) 2017 Regulatory Conference [FDA] We’re on an unsustainable path, where the cost of drug development is growing enormously, as well as the costs of the new medicines. We need to do something now, to make the entire process less costly and more efficient.
What Does It Cost to Create a Cancer Drug? Less Than You’d Think [NY Times] The study, published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine, relied on company filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission to determine research and development costs.
	5.6 ESMO
#ESMO17 roundup: Idera shares spike on early TLR9 combo data; Erytech touts pancreatic cancer PhIIb data [EndPoints] - Erytech red blood cell therapy promising in PhIIb pancreatic cancer study - Merck builds bigger lead for Keytruda in bladder cancer - Incyte, Merck unveil latest ECHO-202 update.
ESMO need-to-know: Imfinzi wows, Incyte unveils, plus Lilly, Merck, BMS and more [FiercePharma] In the end, there was so much news it overflowed our usual publishing schedule—so we’re gathering it all right here. Here's your need-to-know news from ESMO, with updates still to come.
	5.6.11 ESMO- Rein
ESMO 2017: Rocapuldencel-T Shows Potential Benefit in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma [ESMO] Novel individualised immunotherapeutic agent, rocapuldencel-T, is being evaluated for long-term benefit in patents with mRCC.
	5.6.14 ESMO - Ovaire
TESARO Summarizes ZEJULA and TSR-042 Data Presented at the 2017 ESMO Annual Meeting [Tesaro] "‘Watchful waiting' is no longer an acceptable option for women living with ovarian cancer. We believe combination approaches, including niraparib and anti-PD-1 antibodies, will become increasingly important and we are executing on our registration strategy for TSR-042, our anti-PD-1 antibody, in MSI-high cancers."
	5.6.15 ESMO - VADS
ESMO 2017: Durvalumab Shows Promising Clinical Benefit in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma [ESMO] Durvalumab was studied in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC and high PD-L1 expression.
ESMO 2017: Nivolumab Demonstrates Antitumour Activity Post-progression in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma [ESMO] Updated CheckMate 141 data demonstrate tumour shrinkage with nivolumab post-progression.
ESMO 2017: Single Agent Atezolizumab in Head and Neck Cancer [ESMO] Checkpoint inhibition was safe and efficacy was demonstrated in patients irrespective of PD-L1 expression status.
ESMO 2017: Combined Therapy with Nivolumab and ISA 101 Vaccine Results in Promising Efficacy in HPV-positive Oropharyngeal Cancer [ESMO] These findings suggest that an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment may impose limits on efficacy of HPV vaccines.
	5.6.16 ESMO - Appareil digestif
ESMO: Merck's Keytruda-chemo combo spurs big response in new stomach cancer patients across the PD-L1 board [FiercePharma] Merck is currently waiting for an FDA decision in stomach cancer after U.S. regulators granted Keytruda their “priority” distinction in May.
	5.6.4 ESMO - Poumon
Pfizer Presents Overall Survival Data of XALKORI in Patients with ALK-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [Pfizer] Longest Ever Follow-up Reported for Patients with Advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.
	5.6.5 ESMO - Mélanome & Peau
Idera Pharmaceuticals Presents Positive Phase 1 Data For Intratumoral IMO-2125 In Combination With Ipilimumab Demonstrating An Overall Response Rate (ORR) Of 44% In Melanoma Patients Refractory To Anti-PD1 Therapy [Idera] Company Plans to Initiate Phase 3 Trial in First Quarter 2018.
ESMO 2017: BRIM8 Data Shows Benefit with Adjuvant Vemurafenib in Resected BRAFV600 Positive Melanoma [ESMO] Patients with resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence experienced prolonged DFS with adjuvant vemurafenib over placebo.
ESMO 2017: Nivolumab Bests Ipilimumab as Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Melanoma [ESMO] In CheckMate 238, nivolumab demonstrated greater clinical benefit and superior safety compared to ipilimumab in patients with completely resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence.
ESMO 2017: Adjuvant Dabrafenib Plus Trametinib Significantly Lowers Risk of Death in Stage III BRAF V600–Mutated Melanoma [ESMO] RFS, OS, DMFS, and FFR were all improved with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib compared to placebo.
Novartis Phase III study demonstrates adjuvant Tafinlar® + Mekinist® reduced the risk of disease recurrence by 53% in patients with resected BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma [Novartis] Study demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in secondary endpoints, including overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and freedom from relapse (FFR).
	5.6.7 ESMO - Immunothérapies
Cancer immunotherapy proves itself in earlier-stage disease [Reuters] The findings promise to expand the market for established immuno-oncology (I-O) drugs from companies like Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Roche, while opening up a window for relative latecomers such as AstraZeneca.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Two U.S. scientists awarded Balzan Prize for cancer research [STAT] James Allison of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Robert Schreiber of the Washington University School of Medicine were cited for their work on antibody treatments that has increased the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma.
	6.1 Observation
Call for action as UK 'falls behind rest of Europe for life expectancy growth' [The Guardian] Sir Michael Marmot found that while life expectancy growth had slowed across all countries since the global financial crisis, it has been “particularly marked and pronounced in the UK”, which slipped from the middle of the table to the bottom of the pile.
	6.11 Patients
New Guideline Aims to Improve Clinician Communication With Patients [ASCO] Communication skills training programs should be available to oncologists at every level of practice.
	6.6 Publications
We have the technology to save peer review – now it is up to our communities to implement it [LSE Impact Blog] We believe that there are three core traits that underpin any viable peer-review system: quality control and moderation, performance and engagement incentives, and certification and reputation.
Bias, Conflicts, Spin: The 8th Olympiad of Research on Science & Publishing Begins [Absolutely Maybe] Once every 4 years editors, publishers, and meta-researchers assemble in Chicago for the Peer Review Congress – an intense researchfest about “enhancing the quality and credibility of science”.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
Merck to co-lead Big Data alliance [PharmaTimes] Merck will join forces with Project Data Sphere – an independent, not-for-profit initiative of the CEO Roundtable on Cancer's Life Sciences Consortium – to jointly lead the Global Oncology Big Data Alliance (GOBDA).
IBM Watson versus cancer: Hype meets reality [Science-Based Medicine] Five years ago, IBM announced that its supercomputer Watson revolutionize cancer treatment by using its artificial intelligence to digest and distill the thousands of oncology studies published every year plus patient-level data and expert recommendations into treatment recommendation. Last week, a report published by STAT News shows that, years later, IBM’s hubris and hype have crashed into reality.
	6.9 Controverses
Carlo Croce, Ohio State researcher facing misconduct allegations, suing New York Times for defamation [Retraction Watch] The year has been a busy one for Croce. In addition to the profile in the Times, which scrutinized Croce’s behavior both before and after he came to OSU, Croce received an award from the American Association for Cancer Research. On Aug. 25, he notched his seventh retraction.