Onco Actu du 7 avril 2017

	1. Biologie
Study helps explain varying outcomes for cancer, Down Syndrome [MIT News] Differences in chromosome number may underlie variation among genetically identical individuals.
Science Snaps: mapping cellular ‘stars’, one molecule at a time [Cancer Research UK] The idea is to take the different parts out of their natural environment of the cell, and if the conditions are just right, they’ll still work. “If they don’t, then you know you’re missing a vital piece,” he adds.
	2. Etiologie
Antibiotic use linked to 'pre-cancerous' bowel changes [NHS Choices] Observational studies such as this cannot show that one factor directly causes another. As the researchers say, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Infections cause inflammation, and that's a risk factor for cancer. So the study may have measured the effect of repeated exposure to bacterial infection, rather than use of antibiotics.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
3 reasons why today’s headlines on breast cancer and air pollution are misleading [Cancer Research UK] In fact, there is no good evidence linking air pollution with breast cancer.
	3.1.1 Tabac - e-cigs
Vaping shops selling to non-smokers [BBC News] Almost nine in 10 e-cigarette shops in the UK are selling vaping products to non-smokers against the industry's code of conduct, an investigation reveals.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Close to Half of American Adults Infected With HPV, Survey Finds [NY Times] The report, published on Thursday by the National Center for Health Statistics, found that certain high-risk strains of the virus infected 25.1 percent of men and 20.4 percent of women. These strains account for approximately 31,000 cases of cancer each year, other studies have shown.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
23andMe Rides Again: FDA Clears Genetic Tests To Predict Disease Risk [Forbes] "This whole idea of genomic risk for common diseases is a real deal. I think 23andMe and other companies provide information and education; I think that’s a good public service."
FDA OKs 23andMe’s Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests, With Caution [Xconomy] The FDA cautioned that its decision does not include genetic tests used for diagnosing disease and making treatment decisions, such as the tests for mutations on the BRCA genes, which are associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
FDA allows marketing of first direct-to-consumer tests that provide genetic risk information for certain conditions [FDA] The GHR tests are intended to provide genetic risk information to consumers, but the tests cannot determine a person’s overall risk of developing a disease or condition.
FDA Opens Genetic Floodgates with 23andMe Decision [MIT Technology Review] Mirza Cifric, CEO of Veritas, says the FDA decision “reopens” the door to direct-to-consumer data. “We are going to drive the genome through that door,” he says.
FDA allows 23andMe to sell genetic tests for 10 diseases [Reuters] The company's genetic health risk reports (GHR) work by testing saliva samples for more than 500,000 genetic variants whose presence or absence may be associated with the conditions approved by the FDA.
23andMe given green-light to sell DNA tests for 10 diseases [Nature] Hank Greely, a bioethicist at Stanford University in California, worries that consumers may not understand the limits of the test results without help from a genetic counselor or physician — particularly as 23andMe expands the medical conditions it covers, and other companies begin to offer similar services.
F.D.A. Will Allow 23andMe to Sell Genetic Tests for Disease Risk to Consumers [NY Times] While some applaud the F.D.A.’s move, saying people do not always need the intervention of medical professionals and genetic counselors to learn their risk for certain diseases, others worry that it sets a dangerous precedent.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Kite Wins ‘Clinical Trial Result of the Year' for its Pivotal CAR-T Trial of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma at the 2017 Clinical and Research Excellence Awards [Kite] The award recognizes clinical achievements in the pharmaceutical industry and contribution to the advancement of therapies for unmet medical needs.
	5.12.3 Immunothérapies-combinaisons
Nanoparticle-delivered combo boosts cancer immunotherapy [FierceBiotech] In a preclinical study, the researchers bound a checkpoint inhibitor and a T-cell agonist to a nanoparticle so they could deliver both at the same time. They observed improved T-cell stimulation and survival in animal models.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
BerGenBio completes IPO, raising $49M for cancer trials [FierceBiotech] BerGenBio plans to put BGB324 through four phase 2 trials. The current roster of clinical trials of BGB324 include a 45-patient acute myeloid leukemia study that is giving the Axl kinase inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy drug cytarabine.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Study highlights the FDA’s speed in approving cancer drugs as a new commish looks to rev up reviews [EndPoints] Cancer, though, lends itself to faster reviews, as they’re headed to dying, advanced stage patients initially. The risk/benefit profile is significantly different in, say, heart disease or diabetes.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
How some news outlets help perpetuate drug industry price gouging [HealthNewsReview] The drug industry pronouncements and subsequent behavior in the early 1990s parallels the pickle we’re in today. Once the outrage dies down it’s a good bet high prices will remain.
	5.9 AACR
AACR Review: Biden Fired Up, Incyte Doubles Up, BMS Up And Down [Xconomy] The relatively new field of cancer immunotherapy has produced remarkable short-term effects in a small percentage of patients, but it remains to be seen over time how long those effects last.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Last Month in Oncology with Dr. Bishal Gyawali: March 2017 [ecancernews] Choosing wisely or avoiding wisely?
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
NIH budget cuts will jeopardize America’s leadership in medical research [STAT] It is important that all Americans, not just the research community, be engaged in this debate. If we wish to remain the preeminent nation for finding cures and treatments for deadly diseases, we cannot afford to flat fund the NIH or reduce its budget, because the march of disease waits for nothing.
A laboratory CEO on science funding, open-access publishing, and the future of genetics [STAT] I think what worries me more is not what Donald Trump thinks, but what people surrounding him think. I don’t think they care about science, but I think they care a lot more about just not having government do anything except maybe defense.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives
Belle Gibson hit with $30,000 in court costs over false cancer claims [The Guardian] Federal court justice Debra Mortimer made the orders on Friday against Annabelle Natalie Gibson, who claimed she had brain cancer and healed herself with natural remedies.
	6.6 Publications
Citations are more than merely assigning credit – their inclusion (or not) conditions how colleagues regard and evaluate your work [LSE] A better appreciation of the multiple functions of citations should help to address the chronic under-citation that particularly besets the humanities and social sciences.
Institute announces new open access policy for all MIT authors [MIT News] Optional license allows students, researchers, and staff to make scholarly articles freely available.
Now free: citation data from 14 million papers, and more might come [Science] Freeing up citation data could have a number of benefits, I4OC’s founders say. One of the most basic is helping scientists keep abreast with what their peers are doing and reading.
Initiative aims to break science's citation paywall [Nature] Started last year by the Wikimedia Foundation in San Francisco, California and five other partner organizations, I4OC announced at its official launch on 6 April that 29 organizations, including some of the world’s largest scientific publishers, have now agreed to openly release citation data.
	6.7.2 Applis
Can “Digital Therapeutics” Be as Good as Drugs? [MIT Technology Review] Hames says digital therapies fall into two groups, which he calls “medication augmentation” and “medication replacement.”