Onco Actu du 5 avril 2017

	2. Etiologie
Antibiotics overuse could increase bowel cancer risk, study finds [The Guardian] Research published in medical journal Gut found extended use of antibiotics significantly increased the chance of polyp formation in the colon, a precursor of bowel cancer.
	2.5 Etiologie - Gènes
Random Mutations Play Major Role in Cancer [NIH Director's Blog] As further evidence for the importance of random copying errors in cancer, the researchers evaluated the incidence, or number of cases, of 17 cancer types from 69 countries around the globe in data collected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in France. The researchers asked whether differences in the number of times stem cells divide could help to explain differences in the incidence of some common cancers.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Vaccine credited with HPV virus reduction in Scotland [BBC News] Researchers have found a 90% fall in levels of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in Scottish women since the vaccine was made available in 2008.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Method may help myeloma patients avoid painful biopsies [MIT News] Microfluidic device isolates plasma cells from blood rather than bone marrow.
	4.7 Dép., diag. & prono. - Col de l'utérus
Improving consistency in the diagnosis of cervical pre-cancers: Roche CINtec Histology test receives FDA clearance [Roche] Roche’s CINtec Histology test is the only clinically validated p16 immunohistochemistry test available globally.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Journal editor calls for ‘culture change’ around clinical trial data [STAT] NEJM has found itself in hot water before on this issue, when an editorial coauthored by Drazen raised the possibility of “research parasites” who don’t put in the work to do studies, but just leech off others’ data.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Making CAR T-Cell Therapy Safer [The Scientist] Following a spate of patient deaths in clinical trials testing modified T cells for the treatment of cancer, researchers work to reduce the treatment’s toxicity without sacrificing efficacy.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Rivals multiplying, Pfizer appeals to doctor preferences with Ibrance's latest label win [FiercePharma] Studies over the years have suggested that “there’s equivalence between the major ones”—Femara and AstraZeneca’s Arimidex (anastrozole)—yet some doctors “for one reason or another were reluctant to change their practice,” he said. Those doctors are the ones who may now find Ibrance more appealing.
	5.2 Pharma
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Accepts for Priority Review Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Application for Opdivo (nivolumab) in Previously Treated dMMR or MSI-H Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [BMS] Application based on results from Phase 2 CheckMate -142 study.
Northwest Bio Executive Pleads Ignorance about Clinical Trial Halt, Stock Collapse [The Street] Northwest Bio's inability to resolve the problems that froze the crucial DCVax-L clinical trial -- and management's refusal to offer a public explanation for why it happened in the first place -- is now putting the company closer to financial insolvency and shutdown than ever before.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Incyte Is Smart to Date Around [Bloomberg] When it comes to cancer drugs, monogamy is overrated.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
ASCO Releases Position Statement on Access to Investigational Drugs [ASCO] Supports Strengthening FDA Expanded Access Program, Opposes Right-to-Try Measures as Ineffective and Potentially Harmful to Patients.
Conflicts surround Trump's FDA pick [CNN] "Certainly, there's been a loud chorus of support from pharma and medical device companies," Carome observed. "They look forward to him being commissioner, as they believe he'll promote their interests."
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
NICE turns down Shire's pancreatic cancer treatment [Pharmafile] The combination of Onivyde, 5-FU and LV has shown to generate an overall median survival rate of 6.1 months compared to the 4.2 months provided by 5-FU and LV alone. However, NICE judged that, when compared to the clinical standard of oxaliplatin plus 5-FU and LV, Onivyde did not present any significant benefits.
	5.5 ASCO
Nanobiotix Expands its Clinical Development in Head and Neck Cancer and Immuno-Oncology - New Clinical Data to Be Presented at ASCO [Nanobiotix] Expansion of Nanobiotix’s Immuno-Oncology program into patients focused on the objective of turning cold tumors into hot tumors. Nanobiotix will present the first clinical data from this program mid year.
	5.9.3 AACR - mélanome
Adding the IDO-pathway Inhibitor Indoximod to Pembrolizumab Improved the Melanoma Response Rate [AACR] In the phase II portion of the clinical trial, patients received indoximod and FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of the treating physician’s choice, either ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, or nivolumab (Opdivo).
New Immunotherapy Combination Shows Promise for Patients With Advanced Melanoma [AACR] Curti and colleagues are enrolling up to 70 patients with advanced melanoma in the melanoma intratumoral Cavatak and ipilimumab (MITCI) clinical trial. Patients who have and who have not received immune checkpoint inhibitors are eligible for the trial. CVA21 is injected directly into melanoma lesions, while ipilimumab is infused intravenously.
AACR Annual Meeting 2017: Increasing the Number of Melanoma Patients Who Benefit From Immunotherapy [Cancer Research Catalyst] They are both small studies, and the promising results need confirming in larger numbers of patients. In addition, we will have to wait longer before we know whether all the responses that have been seen are durable.
Small biotech — big ambitions. Viralytics’ oncolytics therapy makes the showcase round at #AACR17 with positive combo snapshot [EndPoints] At the time of the data cutoff for AACR, the company had evaluable responses from 22 patients in a small melanoma study combining their therapy — using a nongenetically altered cold virus to infect cancer cells, designed to destroy them and recruit T cells for a followup attack — with Yervoy.
	5.9.4 AACR - poumon
Patients with Lung Cancers Responsive to Immunotherapy Drug Beat Standard Odds of Survival [Johns Hopkins Medicine] According to results of the data analysis of the 129 patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer treated at more than 11 hospitals nationwide, including The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 16 survived at least 58 months (nearly five years).
	5.9.5 AACR - CAR-T
New Adoptive Cell Therapy Immunotherapy Approach Ready for Clinical Trials [Roswell Park Cancer Institute] Adoptive stem cell/T cell platform confirmed in laboratory, ready for clinical; novel approach targets NY-ESO-1, a known tumor biomarker.
Kite Presents Promising Preclinical Data from KITE-585, a Fully Human Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Product Candidate at the 2017 American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting [Kite] Phase 1 Clinical Study of KITE-585 in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Planned for 2017.
	5.9.7 AACR - divers
IDH-mutant Cancers May be More Amenable to PARP Inhibitors Than IDH Inhibitors [AACR] The investigators have conducted a series of experiments in genetically matched IDH-wild type (normal form of the protein) and IDH-mutant cancer cell line models to directly compare the efficacy of IDH inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in inhibiting IDH-mutant tumor cell viability.
	5.9.9 AACR - immunothérapies
Bristol-Myers joins the IDO rush with its own in-house combo program for Opdivo [EndPoints] While Bristol-Myers Squibb joined the rush to partner with Incyte on its leading IDO1 drug epacadostat, it’s also been zeroing in on its own IDO immunotherapy. And investigators turned up at AACR this year with an early look at the results.
NewLink grabs the AACR spotlight with IDO pathway, Keytruda combo — shares blitzed [EndPoints] What Incyte, NewLink and all the other players are wondering is if an IDO/PD-1 or IDO/PD-L1 checkpoint can do as well as a checkpoint match-up using a CTLA-4.
Bristol-Myers’ checkpoint star Opdivo fails a PhIII study for glioblastoma [EndPoints] “GBM is a historically difficult disease to treat and conventional treatment options have demonstrated limited responses,” said Fouad Namouni, the head of Oncology Development and head of Medical for Bristol-Myers Squibb.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . Translational research—an early model [BMJ Blogs] A clear definition of translational research is hard to come by.
	6.10 Politiques
Brexit: As Article 50 is triggered, what’s next for UK science and patients? [Cancer Research UK] To allow me and many other doctors and researchers to continue to collaborate with partners across the EU, the UK Government needs to consider how rules supporting research, like the Clinical Trials Regulation, will be recognised legally by the EU and vice versa when the UK leaves.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
What Trump gets wrong about drug companies [STAT] Clinical trials should still be an essential step of the FDA review process; patients need to know a drug is both safe and effective. But today we have the capability of leveraging big data within health care systems to discern answers better, faster, and cheaper.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives
Belle Gibson mimicked countless fake healers. They aren't delusional [The Guardian] From the vantage of an oncologist, Gibson has mimicked on a large scale what countless other fakes do and they aren’t delusional. They have the measure of their customer: a desperate cancer patient who will grasp at any straw at any price because the will to live is inexhaustible.
	6.6 Publications
Announcing Unpaywall: unlocking #openaccess versions of paywalled research articles as you browse [LSE] Heather Piwowar and Jason Priem of Impactstory, the team behind Unpaywall, report on the successful pre-release phase, and explain how two decades of investment, a slew of new tools, and a flurry of new government mandates have helped build a powerful momentum behind green open access.
For problematic papers, don’t retract or correct, say publishing experts: Amend [Retraction Watch] Here’s how it would work – any post-publication changes would be added as amendments labeled “insubstantial,” “substantial,” or “complete” (equivalent to a retraction). Is this a better way?
“Failure is an essential part of science:” A Q&A with the author of a new book on reproducibility [Retraction Watch] The biggest challenge is to change the incentives that scientists face so they aren’t rewarded for cutting corners, massaging their data and making other decisions that may help their careers but which harm the scientific enterprise. That’s a tall order, I know.
Unpaywall finds free versions of paywalled papers [Nature] Officially launched on 4 April, Unpaywall is a free web-browser extension that hunts for papers in more than 5,300 repositories worldwide, including preprint servers and institutional databases.