Onco Actu du 1er mars 2017

	2. Etiologie
Study Finds No Evidence Of Common Herpes Type Virus In Aggressive Brain Cancer Tissue [Johns Hopkins] “Negative” findings question earlier reports of a link between CMV and brain cancers.
	2.7 Etiologie - Obésité
Less than a stone of extra weight can boost cancer risk by half [The Telegraph] Public Health England welcomed the research but said less than half of the population realised that obesity made a person more likely to develop cancer.
Increased risk of 11 types of cancer linked to being overweight, researchers warn [The Guardian] Of the 95 studies which looked at obesity measures on a continuous scale such as body mass index, 12 were found to offer strong evidence of an association, encompassing a total of nine different cancers.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Cell 'stickiness' could indicate cancer spread [BBC News] "Patients should realise that that the timing for these results to hit even the initial clinical trials is several years away."
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - Poumon
Nose swab detects tobacco damage linked to lung cancer in smokers [Cancer Research UK] The US team believes that nose swabs could play a part in diagnosing lung cancer in those at high risk of the disease.
	4.11 Dép., diag. & prono. - Ovaire
Screening with frequent personalized CA125 testing may improve detection of ovarian cancer in high-risk women [Mass. General Hospital] For women who choose to postpone recommended surgery, specialized screening protocol may reduce the chance of detecting ovarian cancer in late stages.
	4.7 Dép., diag. & prono. - Col de l'utérus
The Pap smear: groundbreaking, lifesaving — and obsolete? [STAT] Testing for HPV would be an upstream way of testing for cervical cancer risk — allowing for earlier detection, cost savings, and even opening the door for at-home testing. There are signs it’s catching on.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Phase 3 Head-to-Head Trial Showed KYPROLIS® (Carfilzomib) Significantly Improved Overall Survival Compared To Velcade® (Bortezomib) In Relapsed Or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients [Amgen] Detailed Results Will be Presented at the 16th International Myeloma Workshop (IMW) in New Delhi.
Longer survival seen with Amgen's Kyprolis vs Velcade in myeloma study [Reuters] In the head-to-head trial of 929 patients whose multiple myeloma had relapsed following prior treatment, those who received Kyprolis plus low-dose dexamethasone on average lived 47.6 months. That compared with a median survival of 40 months for those who received Velcade plus low-dose dexamethasone.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Positive Kite CAR-T data sees shares jump as it eyes FDA filing [FierceBiotech] Kite will need longer-term data to convince people it truly has a cure on its hands, but it now has enough evidence to make its case to an FDA that has shown its willingness to grant early approvals of cancer drugs.
Kite scores a landmark win with promising 6-month lymphoma data for lead CAR-T [EndPoints] Some observers were rankled by Kite’s claim of a potential cure, noting that the therapy still has a long way to go before its durability can be fully assessed.
Kite’s CAR-T cancer therapy shows strong results as company races to win FDA approval [STAT] A hopeful sign: the number in complete remission at six months — 36 percent — is barely changed from partial results released after three months, suggesting this one-time treatment might give lasting benefits for those who do respond well.
Kite Announces Positive Topline Primary Results of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel from First Pivotal CAR-T Trial in Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Kite] Full data from the primary analysis will be presented at the American Association for Cancer Research in April 2017 in Washington, D.C.
Kite Pharma CAR-T Cancer Therapy Shows Strong, Durable Effect in Lymphoma Patients [The Street] In the pivotal study, 77 patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were treated with Kite's KTE-C19. The complete response rate at six months was 31%. That compares to a complete response rate of 33% at three months.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Novartis cancer division races to catch up with rivals [Reuters] "Certainly a challenge that has been laid down in front of many of us at Novartis (is) we don't have a marketed PD-1 or PD-L1 agent," Hammerman, one of the world's leading cancer experts, told Reuters in his first interview since joining Novartis.
	5.2 Pharma
Nativis Lives the Life [In the Pipeline] If these things are robust and reproducible, the inventors should be out winning Nobel Prizes and astonishing the scientific community. I mean, they claim that a radio frequency signal can do the same thing as drug molecules in solution, and that each drug has a specific RF signal, which can be recorded and played back at will for therapeutic effect.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Hitgen and Cancer Research UK’s Manchester Institute enter licence agreement in lung cancer [Cancer Research UK] The work will be carried out by scientists at Cancer Research UK’s Drug Discovery Unit at The University of Manchester, after the new family of compounds was identified using HitGen’s leading technology platform.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
EMA Recommends Extensions of Indication for Daratumumab [ESMO] New indication concern combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Pembrolizumab for untreated PD-L1-positive metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer [NICE] Pembrolizumab is not recommended, within its marketing authorisation, for untreated PD-L1-positive metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in adults whose tumours express PD-L1 with at least a 50% tumour proportion score and have no epidermal growth factor receptor- or anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive mutations.
UK rejects Merck's Keytruda as initial treatment for lung cancer [Reuters] "The exact size of the overall survival gain for Keytruda compared to the current standard of care was uncertain because of the immaturity of the data."
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
The Future Of Precision Medicine: Great Promise, Significant Challenges [Health Affairs Blog] While scientific knowledge relevant to precision medicine has increased substantially in recent years, translating these findings into the clinic to truly transform patient care remains difficult.
	6.1 Observation
Colorectal cancer mystery: Rising rates among millennials, Gen X [STAT] “It appears as though the underlying risk of disease is increasing,” she said. No one knows why.
Why Are More Young Americans Getting Colon Cancer? [NPR] Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, a professor of medicine at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, says what look like additional cancers in people under 50 may simply be cases that are being diagnosed earlier than they would have been.
Study Finds Colorectal Cancer Rates Have Risen Dramatically in Gen X and Millennials [ACS] Three in ten rectal cancer diagnoses now in patients under 55.
What Do We Do Now That Colorectal Cancer Rates Are Increasing For Younger People? [Dr. Len] For health care professionals, they can no longer assume that abdominal signs and symptoms such as blood in the stool can be passed off as hemorrhoids. It could be an underlying cancer, and people with that medical complaint may well need a more thorough evaluation.
Childhood cancer survivors benefit from reduced radiation treatment [Washington Post] The study was the latest to suggest that efforts to modify potentially toxic cancer treatments — including radiation and chemotherapy — are paying off in reduced “late effects.”
Colon and Rectal Cancers Rising in Young People [NY Times] It is the upward trend that is worrisome: The risk of colon cancer for individuals who were born in 1990 was five per million people in that birth group, up from three per million at the same stage of life for those born in 1950. And the risk of rectal cancer for those born in 1990 was four per million, up from 0.9 per million for those born in 1950.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
Trump derides ‘slow and burdensome’ approval process at FDA [STAT] Throughout the presidential campaign, Trump called for the elimination of regulations and faster drug approvals. But he has not described how precisely he would speed those approvals and has not yet nominated a commissioner to head the FDA.
Trump used a rare disease survivor to take a shot at the FDA [Vox] The president wants to dismantle the FDA to usher in more medical “miracles.” Here’s why that won’t work.
Trump attacks “slow and burdensome” drug approval process in another blast crisping the FDA [EndPoints] Now the biotech industry wants to know if a new FDA commissioner appointed by Trump would change the balance of safety and efficacy data needed for an approval, changes which may benefit individual companies but erode the gold standard long demanded by the agency.
	6.4 Médico-éco
Skin cancer from tanning beds costs US $343 million per year [STAT] They estimated that there were 263,600 cases of skin cancer in 2015 that could be attributed to the use of tanning beds. The researchers then summed up the average annual cost of treating patients with each type of cancer, which totaled more than $343 million each year.
Breast cancer costs low-income women more jobs [Reuters] Dr. Victoria Blinder, a breast cancer oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, led a team of researchers who analyzed the job status of 267 racially and ethnically diverse women treated for invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2016.
	6.7.1 Bioinformatique
How bioinformatics tools are bringing genetic analysis to the masses [Nature] EDGE isn't the first tool to simplify informatics with a point-and-click interface. Indeed, it lacks much of the flexibility and scope of more established alternatives such as Galaxy and Illumina's BaseSpace platform. But its simplicity is drawing in users who might otherwise shun bioinformatics.
	6.8 Communication
A Facebook-Style Shift in How Science Is Shared [NY Times] According to Mr. Madisch, the social network has signed up 12 million scientists, or roughly 60 percent of all such potential users worldwide. Researchers now upload roughly 2.5 million papers to ResearchGate every month. In comparison, scientists added the same amount of research over the first four years of the network’s operation.