Onco Actu du 20 janvier 2017

	1. Biologie
A First Look at Reproducibility in Cancer Biology [In the Pipeline] It’s already telling us that the literature in the field is probably inadequate in many respects and that there are a lot more factors at work than you might have guessed from reading the original papers. It’s good to have proof of that, but honestly, we knew it already.
Fighting Cancer’s Crisis of Confidence, One Study at a Time [Wired] Today, it published the first findings from its newest reproducibility project. Do they restore faith in the foundations of cancer research? Not exactly. But it is a start.
How Reliable Are Cancer Studies? [The Atlantic] A project that tried to reproduce the results of 50 landmark papers turned into an arduous slog—and that’s a problem in itself.
	1.1 Biologie - Gènes
Hundreds of elusive protein structures pinned down from genome data [Science] By sifting through the sequence data, they were able to track enough coevolving amino acids to pin down the structures of 614 proteins, each one representing an entire family of proteins for which no structures exist.
	3.1 Tabac
Public health experts support federally mandated smoke-free public housing [Mass. General Hospital] Commentary authors highlight challenges of adoption, suggest strategies for implementation.
	3.1.1 Tabac - e-cigs
Seeing e-cigarettes may boost desire to smoke [Reuters] These results were a surprise, and cast doubt on the potential for e-cigarettes to work as smoking cessation aid, said lead study author Andrea King, a psychiatry researcher at the University of Chicago.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
1 in 4 US men have cancer-linked HPV genital infections [STAT] The new estimate provides a good baseline for measuring the effectiveness of HPV vaccinations in boys and young men, said Saslow.
One in four U.S. men have cancer-linked HPV genital infections [Globe and Mail] The new estimate comes from an analysis of a 2013-14 national health survey; nearly 2,000 men aged 18 to 59 were tested for HPV. Results were published Thursday in the journal JAMA Oncology.
	3.5 Prévention - UV
Sunscreen better than umbrella at the beach [Reuters] About 78 percent of people who used only an umbrella to protect themselves from the sun during a few hours at the beach were sunburned the next day, compared to only 25 percent of people who used sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 100, researchers found.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
An inside look at immune cells might eventually shorten wait times for cancer patients [Stanford Medicine] A new visualization technique allows researchers to watch T cells to see where they go in the body and how they fair. A paper describing the new technique, called “reporter gene imaging,” appeared in Science Translational Medicine this week.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Prostate cancer could be ruled out with simple MRI scan which prevents 25,000 biopsies [The Telegraph] "This study provides ground breaking data that the addition of a multi parametric MRI can be used in the diagnostic pathway after PSA to better predict who would most benefit from prostate biopsy."
'Huge leap' in prostate cancer testing [BBC News] he NHS is already reviewing whether the scans can be introduced widely.
Far fewer men being treated for prostate cancer [Reuters] The finding points to the success of efforts to curtail the use of controversial prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, screening tests, said lead author Dr. Tudor Borza.
MRI twice as likely as biopsy to spot prostate cancer, research shows [The Guardian] The Prostate MRI Imaging Study (Promis), led by researchers at University College London (UCL), also showed that more than a quarter (27%) of all men with suspected cancer could avoid a biopsy altogether.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Precision medicine advances pediatric brain tumor diagnosis and treatment [Dana-Farber] The findings, reported online today by the journal Neuro-Oncology, demonstrate that testing pediatric brain tumor tissue for genetic abnormalities is clinically feasible and that in many cases the results can guide patients’ treatment.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Can a Serum Biomarker Predict Response to Immunotherapy? [Cancer Research Catalyst] This correlation between the dynamic serum ANGPT2 levels and survival consolidates the role of this protein as a prognostic biomarker.
	5.12.3 Immunothérapies-combinaisons
Bristol-Myers Squibb Provides Regulatory Update in First-line Lung Cancer [BMS] In order to protect the integrity of ongoing registrational studies, the company will not be providing additional details.
Bristol won't seek faster Opdivo, Yervoy lung cancer drug approvals [Reuters] Since just a quarter to a third of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have tumors with at least 50 percent of cells producing PD-L1, around 70 percent of the market is still up for grabs for successful combination products.
Bristol-Myers hands Merck a free pass on frontline combo domination for lung cancer [EndPoints] Bristol-Myers’ shares plunged more than 6% in after-hours trading, eliminating about $5 billion in market cap. Its loss was Merck’s gain, which saw its stock jump 4.7%.
Merck CEO sees Keytruda in pole position in cancer race [Reuters] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is due to decide by May 10 whether to approve a combination of the immune system-boosting drug with chemotherapy as an initial therapy for advanced lung cancer, the largest cancer market.
	5.2 Pharma
GSK R&D vet Russo jumps to Genenta, takes a lead role in developing a new gene therapy [EndPoints] Genenta’s tech focuses on a gene transfer strategy into autologous hematopoietic stem cells to target anti-tumor proteins to tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Statement from FDA Commissioner Robert Califf, M.D. announcing FDA Oncology Center of Excellence launch [FDA] This will make oncology the first disease area to have a coordinated clinical review of drugs, biologics and devices across the agency’s three medical product centers.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
U.S. FDA Approves IMBRUVICA® (ibrutinib) as First Treatment Specifically Indicated for Relapsed/Refractory Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) - a Rare Type of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [AbbVie] This marks the seventh FDA approval and fifth disease indication for IMBRUVICA since the medication's initial approval in 2013.
FDA and EMA in 2016: A Look at the Numbers [RAPS] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) wasn't the only major regulator to OK fewer new drugs in 2016 than in recent years. Across the Atlantic, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) saw a similar decline in the number of drugs, with only 27 new active substances (NASs) recommended.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Pause on NICE’s cost recovery plans [NICE] Plans for NICE to recover the costs of its appraisals of drugs, medical devices and diagnostics, through charges to the companies which make them, have been put on hold until the Government completes its life sciences strategy.
	5.5.5 ASCO (gastro-intestinal)
Opdivo (nivolumab) Demonstrated Efficacy and Improved Survival in Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Gastric Cancer in a Randomized Phase 3 Study [BMS] 12-month overall survival rates were 26.6% in Opdivo-treated patients compared to 10.9% in placebo-treated patients.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
NIH director Francis Collins staying on — for now [Nature] President-elect Donald Trump's team has asked Collins to remain in his job for an unknown period.
	6.6 Publications
What turned a cancer researcher into a literature watchdog? [Retraction Watch] Working with her colleague Cyril Labbé at the University of Grenoble Alpes in France, who developed SciDetect software that detects fake scientific papers, Byrne found five papers that all appeared to use a faulty primer. She and Labbé recently published their results in the journal Scientometrics.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
Computing cancer amidst a deluge of data [Institute of Cancer Research] The reams of data now being generated by genome sequencing provide challenges and opportunities in our hunt for better ways to understand and treat cancer, as ICR bioinformatician Dr Philip Law explains.