Onco Actu du 6 octobre 2016

	1. Biologie
‘Self-assembling’ molecules help key signalling pathway in bowel cancer [The Institute of Cancer Research] Scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, have revealed a novel way the protein Tankyrase supports signals which help bowel cancer cells replicate out of control, by blocking mechanisms that normally prevent cell division.
	3.1.1 Tabac - e-cigs
Stoptober 2016: Could E-cigarettes help Stop Smoking Services beat addiction? [Cancer Research UK] As some smokers embark on Stoptober – a whole month of people stopping smoking – we spoke to two ex-smokers that used both their local Stop Smoking Services and an e-cigarette in order to give up tobacco for good.
A paper on chemical safety was accepted one day after submission. Was it peer reviewed? [Retraction Watch] Some scientists raise their eyebrows when they see a paper was accepted only a day or two after being submitted — which is exactly what happened during an academic debate over a controversial topic: e-cigarettes.
This is what can happen if an e-cigarette blows up while you’re using it [LA Times] “I had never heard of an injury mechanism like this before,” said Brownson, a surgeon who specializes in treating people with burns. The patient “left a gruesome impression on me.”
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Boys should also get the HPV vaccine to protect themselves from oral and genital cancers [The Conversation] In Australia, 83% of girls aged 15 were vaccinated with HPV in 2015, compared to 70% of males. Only 55% of females between 18 and 24 years were vaccinated. These figures suggest that between 20% to 30% of young males and females are not protected against HPV infection.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Ben Stiller’s misguided prostate cancer recommendations aren’t based on evidence [HealthNewsReview] My problem with Stiller’s piece is that it makes a number of false or misleading assertions and fails to accurately reflect the evidence on prostate cancer screening. And because Stiller is smart, persuasive, and famous, his skewed piece may do a great deal of harm to men who may be led astray by his faulty reasoning.
Ben Stiller: Prostate cancer test 'saved my life [CNN] "The thing Ben Stiller doesn't understand is that his case is based on one positive experience," said Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society. "He hasn't heard of all of the men who have had negative experiences [with PSA testing]."
	5. Traitements
In-development HDAC inhibitors could wipe out breast, ovarian cancer stem cells [FierceBiotech] "These two agents were designed to target HDAC1, but we found they also target HDAC7, which even the manufacturers didn't know.”
Immune-boosting gut microbes can help chemotherapy drugs [Cancer Research UK] Co-lead author Mathias Chamaillard said that the finding “opens the way to improve treatment design,” for example by finding the best way to use antibiotics to enhance the activity of anticancer drugs.
Daratumumab Combo Significantly Improved PFS for Relapsed Myeloma [Cancer Network] Patients assigned to the three-drug combination had a 12-month progression-free survival rate of 83.2% compared with 60.1% in patients assigned lenalidomide/dexamethasone alone.
This protein is mutated in half of all cancers. New drugs aim to fix it before it’s too late [Science] Amaro's work illustrates how a handful of academic labs and small companies are making progress with a fresh approach to targeting p53: rescuing it when it's sick. They're finding drugs that bind to and prop up copies of mutated p53, restoring its shape and ability to carry out its job.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
CAR-T cells can be effective protein delivery vehicles to treat lymphoma [FierceBiotech] In patients with follicular lymphoma, a receptor called HVEM is mutated half of the time, and the mutations can lead to growth of the cancer. To combat this, the scientists engineered a CAR-T cell to deliver the HVEM protein normally produced by healthy cells. And the CAR-T cell acts as a sort of “micro-pharmacy” that continuously makes the protein locally.
A Cure for a Childhood Cancer—But Will It Last? [MIT Technology Review] There are, unfortunately, two major problems with CAR-T therapy. First, it is dangerous—deaths are not uncommon in clinical trials involving CAR-T. But for many patients the risk of a fatal reaction to the treatment is an acceptable one, given the potential benefit. The second principal concern is that the cancer will come back.
André Choulika on gene editing: “If you marry yourself to a technology, you’re doomed.” [EndPoints] Choulika and his partners at Pfizer and Servier are now in early-stage testing for an allogeneic approach to CAR-T, using gene editing technologies to engineer an off-the-shelf cell therapy that would radically change the landscape now dominated by late-stage efforts on personalized therapies at Kite, Juno and Novartis that extract cells and then reengineer them into cancer treatments.
	5.6 ESMO
Lilly Highlights Advancements in its Oncology Portfolio with New Data at ESMO 2016 [Lilly] Of these presentations, four are featured in late-breaking abstracts (two on abemaciclib, and one each on pemetrexed and ramucirumab).
ESMO 2016 Press Release: Reporting of Adverse Events in Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy Trials is “Suboptimal” [ESMO] More than 90% of trials scored poorly in their reporting of recurrent and late toxicities, and in reporting the duration of adverse events; 86% of trials did not adequately report on the time of the adverse event occurrence; and 75% of trials only reported on adverse events that occurred at a frequency above a fixed threshold.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Study Confirms Benefits of Early Palliative Care for Advanced Cancer [NCI] In the current trial, 350 patients with advanced lung or gastrointestinal cancers—including pancreatic, gastric, and esophageal—were randomly assigned to receive palliative care along with standard treatment or standard treatment alone. Patients in the palliative care group received a visit from a palliative care specialist at least once a month; both groups were evaluated 12 weeks and 24 weeks after their cancer treatment had begun.
Primary care docs participating in breast cancer decisions [Reuters] Most women in a new U.S. survey said their primary care physician was involved in their breast cancer care during treatment, and rated their doctor’s engagement and communication levels as high.
	6.1 Observation
Ratings published for local cancer services [Cancer Research UK] The data covers the last two years and provides baselines for a number of clinical priority areas, including cancer. Due to ambitious goals set by the NHS, many areas are shown as needing to improve.
U.S. colon cancer care improves when insurance access expands [Reuters] In Massachusetts, after the state expanded access to health insurance, patients with these cancers were more likely than patients in other states to get needed surgery and to get it before their condition grew dire, the study found.
Study shows health improving globally, but progress is patchy [Reuters] The Global Burden of Disease study, which shows the key drivers of ill health, disability and death in individual countries, found that by 2015, the world population had gained more than a decade of life expectancy since 1980 - rising to 69.0 years in men and 74.8 years in women.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
Rumors, expectations surround Apple expansion into health care [Politico] The tech giant is cementing partnerships with big health systems and hiring scores of health care professionals. While the company is keeping mum about its plans, techie fans hope Apple will become the agent of transformation that makes patients, rather than providers or EHR vendors, the guardians of health data.