Onco Actu du 20 octobre 2016

	1. Biologie
Science Snaps: how knowing the shape of cancer cells could improve treatments [Cancer Research UK] While we have learned a great deal about cancer from genetics, we may have underestimated the impact that physical forces have on cancer cells.
	3.1 Tabac
Tobacco companies 'exaggerating need for small retailers to sell cigarettes' [Cancer Research UK] A new study found corner shops made an average profit of just £242 a week on tobacco products compared with £2,611 from everything else they sell - or less than 10 per cent of their total weekly profits.
Big Tobacco sees its future in cigarettes, not vaping [The Conversation] The very last thing that Big Tobacco hopes for harm-reduced nicotine products is that they will cannibalise their mainstay cigarette markets. Instead, the business model is dual use (people smoking where and when they can smoke, and vaping when they can’t).
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Preteens need only two HPV shots — not three, government panel says [STAT] Health officials want kids to get HPV vaccinations at age 11 or 12, well before most first have sex and before they could be infected. But less than one-third of 13-year-old US boys and girls have gotten three doses.
CDC calls on doctors to pitch HPV shots as cancer prevention, not STD protection [FiercePharma] The new CDC message comes amid a national push to increase HPV vaccination rates, an effort that has been endorsed by 69 National Cancer Institute centers and other prominent health organizations.
CDC now recommends just two HPV vaccine doses for preteens [Washington Post] The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, which counsels the CDC on the nation’s vaccine schedule, voted Wednesday for the change. Several hours later, CDC Director Tom Frieden accepted the panel's action.
Children 14 or Under Need Fewer H.P.V. Vaccine Doses [NY Times] The statement also noted that the two-dose schedule will make the process simpler and easier for families to complete and could increase the number of young teenagers who receive the vaccine.
HPV vaccine access easier for US preteens after panel ruling [The Guardian] The panel stuck with three doses for anyone who doesn’t get their first shot until they turn 15. That’s because they didn’t have enough data on how well two doses worked in older kids.
Pre-teens need only two HPV shots, not three, CDC recommends [Reuters] "Safe, effective, and long-lasting protection against HPV cancers with two visits instead of three means more Americans will be protected from cancer," CDC Director Tom Frieden said in a statement.
	5. Traitements
Seven of the most promising new approaches in cancer treatment [The Institute of Cancer Research] Dr Kukula started by emphasising the major changes there have been in cancer treatment in recent years — with the move from broad-action chemotherapy to precision medicines targeted at particular molecular defects in cancer cells. She then outlined the challenges that remain even with these treatments — explaining that cancers evolve in a Darwinian manner, leading to drug resistance, and warning that new approaches were needed to counter this so-called ‘survival of the nastiest’.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Merck gets first-line NSCLC guideline as Bristol, Roche denied [FierceBiotech] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has weighed in on the checkpoint inhibitor race to first-line treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It gave Merck’s Keytruda a thumbs-up, but denied both Bristol-Myers Squibb's Opdivo and Roche’s Tecentriq.
All In One Place: A New Immuno-Oncology Trial Resource [Xconomy] As reporters, we find that frustrating. Perhaps you do, too. So we’ve begun this project: a cancer immunotherapy resource that will grow as the data pool grows. We’re aggregating all the trials we can find that have patient outcomes: whether a treatment made people better, and for how long.
Investigational Immunotherapy Was Safe, Tolerable, and Showed Some Activity Against Melanoma [AACR] The investigational immunotherapeutic IMC-20D7S was safe, well tolerated, and showed signs of modest clinical activity for patients with advanced melanoma, according to results from a first-in-human phase I clinical trial published in Clinical Cancer Research.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Scientists engineer an extra control into CAR T-cell therapy [FierceBiotech] In a mouse model of leukemia, they designed CAR T cells that also expressed a "decoy" protein called EGFR. When the treatment was successful and the cancer had been cleared by the CAR T cells, they then administered an EGFR antibody, which recognizes and block the activity of the CAR T cells.
	5.2 Pharma
Liver tox cases force Daiichi Sankyo to curtail recruitment for PhIII trial of a ‘breakthrough’ drug [EndPoints] Daiichi Sankyo is testing the drug on rare cases of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) among patients who couldn’t qualify for surgical removal of the tumor. By the time the liver tox issues appeared, the company had already enrolled 121 of the planned 126 patients and the data monitoring committee suggested cutting enrollment short and taking measures so they could preserve the study as a double-blinded test.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Novartis partners with tiny microcap Cerulean as it nabs $20M [FierceBiotech] Cerulean’s tech is intended to create NDCs that selectively attack tumor cells and reduce toxicity--this is expected to better enable combination therapy. CRLX101 is still in several ongoing cancer trials in combination with other cancer treatments; next up is CRLX301, which is in an early stage trial for advanced solid tumor malignancies.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Roche third-quarter sales rise 3 percent, confirms outlook [Reuters] Third-quarter sales at the world's biggest maker of cancer drugs rose to 12.48 billion Swiss francs ($12.61 billion) from 11.9 billion francs in the same period in 2015.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Regulatory Flexibility and Lessons Learned: Drugs for Rare Diseases [FDA] Can drug development programs for rare diseases meet the same approval standards as programs for diseases with millions of potential trial participants?
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
FDA Modifies Use of Erlotinib in NSCLC to Include Only Patients Whose Tumors Harbor EGRF Mutations [ASCO] The labeling change applies to patients with NSCLC receiving maintenance or second or greater line treatment. These indications will be limited to those patients whose tumors have EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test.
FDA Approves Lilly's LARTRUVO™ (olaratumab) in Combination with Doxorubicin for Soft Tissue Sarcoma [Lilly] LARTRUVO, in combination with doxorubicin, is the first FDA-approved front-line therapy for soft tissue sarcoma in four decades.
FDA grants accelerated approval to new treatment for advanced soft tissue sarcoma [FDA] The National Cancer Institute estimates that 12,310 new cases of STS and nearly 5,000 deaths are likely to occur from the disease in 2016.
Eli Lilly wins a quick OK for new sarcoma drug olaratumab [EndPoints] The FDA approved the drug, only its 18th OK so far this year, in combination with doxorubicin among patients who can’t be treated by radiation or surgery and in a group with a type of STS that can be treated with the chemo anthracycline.
FDA grants accelerated approval to Lilly's soft tissue sarcoma drug [Reuters] Lilly's drug, Lartruvo, is approved for use with FDA-approved chemotherapy doxorubicin in STS patients who cannot be cured with radiation or surgery or who have a type of STS for which chemotherapeutic agent anthracycline is an appropriate treatment.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Time to Reassess the Cancer Compendia for Off-label Drug Coverage in Oncology [JAMA] In the United States, off-label use of 10 common cancer drugs accounted for nearly $5 billion in costs in 2010,1 an amount that likely substantially underrepresents current off-label spending given the escalation in oncology drug pricing and number of available products, but recent comprehensive estimates have not been published.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives
The Texas Medical Board vs. Stanislaw Burzynski, round ∞: Will Burzynski slither away yet again? [Respectful Insolence] I wouldn’t be surprised if this drags on longer, but my hope that the TMB will do anything meaningful to bring to an end what I view as Burzynski’s four decade streak of victimizing cancer patients.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
The Cure for Cancer Is Data—Mountains of Data [Wired] The New York–based venture will focus on acquiring and expanding companies that specialize in genetic testing—–think cancer-carrier screenings and noninvasive prenatal tests—in order to collect and share millions of individual data sets.