Onco Actu du 21 septembre 2016

	1. Biologie
Tardigrade protein helps human DNA withstand radiation [Nature] Experiments show that the tardigrade’s resilience can be transferred to cultures of human cells.
	2. Etiologie
Large Study Finds No Link Between Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Risk [ASCO] According to the researchers, this is the largest prospective study of vasectomy and fatal prostate cancer to date. They conclude the data provide some reassurance to men who have had a vasectomy or are considering the procedure.
	3. Prévention
Diet and exercise versus cancer: A science-based view [Science-Based Medicine] There is a lot of noise in Kohler’s study, too, but the results are consistent. You can reduce your risk of cancer by staying active and exercising, eating a healthy diet with a lot of plant-based foods and minimizing intake of processed meats, limiting alcohol consumption (although I think the WCRF/AICR guidelines go a bit too far in saying that you shouldn’t drink at all if possible), and maintaining a healthy weight.
	3.1 Tabac
Smoking rates in England fall to lowest on record [BBC News] In 2015, 16.9% of adults described themselves as smokers, compared with 19.3% in 2012.
	3.2 Prévention - Obésité
Warning over Scotland’s childhood obesity figures [Cancer Research UK] Data released today from the Scottish Health Survey revealed that 13 per cent of children were overweight in 2015, and 15 per cent were obese.
	3.6 Prévention - Activité physique
Fitness trackers may not help people keep weight off long-term [STAT] “These devices are really built for people who like activity and are motivated by this information,” Jakicic said. “For people that don’t like activity, they may look at this and go, ‘Oh, the heck with this, I’m not going to make it anyway, so why bother today.’”
Report: One in Four Americans over 50 is Inactive [ACS] “This report is a wake-up call and quite literally a ‘call to action.’
Phys Ed: Activity Trackers May Undermine Weight Loss Efforts [NY Times] The fascinating finding comes from a study published today in JAMA that found dieting adults who wore activity monitors for 18 months lost significantly fewer pounds over that time than those who did not.
Exercise may reduce alcohol-related cancer risk [Reuters] The researchers analyzed data on 36,000 men and women over age 40 who took part in the annual Health Survey for England or the Scottish Health Survey in the 1990s and 2000s.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Prostate Week continues: Yale Cancer Center also flouting evidence with public prostate screening event [HealthNewsReview] It’s been a big week for prostate screening news and we’re not finished yet.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Cancer-risk genetic testing reports can vary from lab to lab [Reuters] Analyzing results from different labs, researchers found that their identification of mutations as “pathogenic,” “uncertain” or “benign” differed in 26 percent of cases.
	4.7 Dép., diag. & prono. - Col de l'utérus
Women dying needlessly due to not attending cervical screening [NHS Choices] One note of caution though is that the study still can't prove that cervical cancer screening is wholly responsible for any differences in cancer diagnoses or mortality rates between cases and controls. There may be important lifestyle factors that are associated both with risk of cervical cancer and likelihood of attending screening.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Zero deaths’ from breast cancer? NBC viewers misinformed by puff piece on screening test [HealthNewsReview] NBC’s top-rated newscast reaches some 8 million total viewers every night, so it’s important to set the record straight about what the test, known as molecular breast imaging (MBI), is capable of and where NBC’s fawning coverage went wrong.
	5. Traitements
Gene therapy technique may help prevent cancer metastasis [MIT News] Gene-regulating RNA molecules could help treat early-stage breast cancer tumors before they spread.
Fighting cancer with sticky nanoparticles [Yale News] Sixty percent of the mice receiving the treatment with the bioadhesive nanoparticles survived for four months — a significant improvement over mice in the control groups, where 10% or fewer lived as long.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Clinical Trials: Sharing of Data and Living Up to Our End of the Bargain [NIH Directors's Blog] Today we took a huge step forward in our efforts to make sure that data from biomedical research is shared widely and rapidly.
Evaluating FDA’s Approach to Cancer Clinical Trials [FDA Voice] We are working with stakeholders across government and industry to revisit the criteria used for determining whether a patient is eligible to participate in a trial.
Meeting Patients Where They Are: Liberating Clinical Trials Data Under the Cancer Moonshot [NCI] The next big step is to make the information on trials.cancer.gov available through a new application programming interface (API).
US clampdown on clinical-trial reporting is long overdue [Nature] Reform to 2007 law brings visibility to negative trial results.
Obama administration updates rules on publishing results of clinical trials [The Guardian] At issue is how to help people find medical studies that may be appropriate for them – and then to make the results public so that successes can reach patients more quickly and what fails isn’t duplicated.
VP Biden gives new push on 'Cancer Moonshot' clinical trials [Reuters] Biden said the new measures will allow patients to find clinical trials more easily and quickly and increase transparency in reporting trial results. Cancer researchers welcomed the moves.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Cancer Immunotherapy At A Crossroads [NPR] Van den Brink encourages optimistic caution: "We need to be honest here. These therapies look very powerful and promising, but a fair number of patients don't respond to them upfront," he says. "These aren't absolute cures for most people just yet."
	5.2 Pharma
European Medicines Agency Validates Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Type II Variation Application for Opdivo (nivolumab) in Advanced Form of Bladder Cancer [BMS] Results from Phase 2 study CheckMate -275 evaluating Opdivo in metastatic urothelial carcinoma serve as basis for application.
GlaxoSmithKline Appoints Big Pharma's First Woman Chief Executive [Forbes] In sharp contrast with most pharmaceutical chief executives, Walmsley has little experience with the R&D side of the business.
GlaxoSmithKline names insider Emma Walmsley as new CEO [Reuters] Her appointment is likely to be seen as a signal that GSK will retain the consumer business as a core part of its operations, rather than splitting up the company.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Kite Pharma Announces Exclusive License with the National Institutes of Health for Multiple Neoantigen Directed T-Cell Receptor (TCR) Product Candidates to Treat Solid Tumors Expressing Mutated KRAS [KITE] Kite expects the first of the licensed KRAS product candidates to enter clinical study in 2016 as part of the Company's Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) under the direction of Steven A. Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D., Chief of the Surgery Branch at the NCI.
EORTC Expands Collaborative Agreement with Ignyta for Precision Medicine [EORTC] Under this collaboration, Ignyta will serve as a diagnostic laboratory performing fusion testing for EORTC’s SPECTA (Screening Patients for Efficient Clinical Trial Access) initiative.
Amgen partners with Genenta, San Raffaele on an anti-tumor drug [EndPoints] The partners will “develop an innovative therapy based on gene transfer into autologous hematopoietic Stem Cells to express specific anti-tumor proteins in their progeny.”
Genentech dives into mRNA, betting $310M on BioNTech’s personalized cancer vaccine tech [EndPoints] The giant Roche subsidiary is partnering with Germany’s BioNTech on its individualized cancer therapies, promising $310 million in near-term payouts to collaborate on a combo with its newly approved checkpoint inhibitor Tecentriq (atezolizumab).
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,...
Sarepta Gets An Approval – Unfortunately [In the Pipeline] In the end, I think that the FDA’s job is to approve drugs that work, and no one knows if this one works or not. The people that want the agency’s approval rules loosened should watch closely, because this is the world that they’ve wanted to live in. Let’s see how it is there.
Did the FDA set ‘a dangerous precedent’ with its latest drug approval? [STAT] The approval may have set a precedent that could rocket through the health care system, opening the door for drug makers to get more medicines to market — even with scant evidence that they work.
Approving A Muscular Dystrophy Drug Ignites A Civil War At The FDA [Forbes] Califf’s memo asserts that this decision should not be seen as precedent. But it will. Companies will spend more on lobbying, and more on supporting patient groups as a result. They will also try to push through drugs with minimal data.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
CHMP Recommends Approval of Lilly's Olaratumab, in Combination with Doxorubicin, for Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma [Lilly] Positive Opinion is the First Global Regulatory Step Towards Approval for Olaratumab.
EMA Recommends Granting a Conditional Marketing Authorisation for Ixazomib [ESMO] In combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, ixazomib is intended for the treatment of multiple myeloma after at least one prior therapy.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
NICE does not recommend obinutuzumab to treat follicular lymphoma [European Pharmaceutical Review] The committee concluded that there were uncertainties in the evidence for obinutuzumab with bendamustine which meant that the overall survival gain of patients was unclear, so could not recommend the drug as a cost-effective use of NHS resources.
	5.5 ASCO
ASCO, ASTRO and SSO Update Guideline on Postmastectomy Radiotherapy [ASCO] The guideline update states that there is strong evidence showing that PMRT reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence.
	5.9 AACR
AACR Cancer Progress Report 2016: Saving Lives Through Research [AACR] One way in which the AACR will be advocating for this federal support for lifesaving research is by hosting a Congressional Briefing on Capitol Hill, Wednesday, Sept. 21, to unveil the AACR Cancer Progress Report 2016.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Changing Cancer Care at Stanford Medicine X [MedGadget] This is not a “find a cure” prize, but it springs from the sober assessment that cancer is and will be with us for a long time and we need to get better at helping patients get to and through their therapies.
	6.1 Observation
Cancer survival improves in England [Cancer Research UK] Researchers followed patients who were diagnosed with one of the 24 commonest types of cancer between 2010 and 2014. Overall, both 1 year and 5 year survival has increased since 2009.
Majority of those with common cancer types 'can expect to live for 10 years' [The Guardian] Those who develop skin cancer are the most likely to still be alive a decade after their diagnosis, with 89.4% of sufferers able to expect this lifespan, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
In interview, Biden outlines a lifelong role in cancer research, but not in a Clinton White House [STAT] Biden said he is still exploring ways in which he might help accelerate cancer research once he and President Obama leave office. His commitment is borne out of personal loss: His son Beau died of brain cancer last year.
	6.11 Patients
Cancer blogger dies day before her wedding [The Guardian] Anna Swabey, 25, who ran a blog documenting her fight with the illness, had been praised for her courage and her fundraising efforts.
	6.7.1 Bioinformatique
Microsoft Develops AI to Help Cancer Doctors Find the Right Treatments [Bloomberg] Software giant's AI health push follows similar efforts by IBM, Google's DeepMind and startups including Deep 6.
Microsoft will 'solve' cancer within 10 years by 'reprogramming' diseased cells [The Telegraph] In a dramatic change of direction for the technology giant, the company has assembled a “small army” of the world’s best biologists, programmers and engineers who are tackling cancer as if it were a bug in a computer system.
	6.7.2 Applis
An App to Predict Prostate Cancer Relapse? [Cancer Research Catalyst] The app is based on a mathematical model, which the team recently published in the AACR’s journal Cancer Research. The researchers are implementing their model into a mobile app called MyHealthAvatar.