Onco Actu du 14 septembre 2016

	1. Biologie
Pancreatic Cancer Cells May Obtain Nutrients from Neighboring Cells [NCI] In separate experiments in mice, blocking the supply of nutrients from cells in the tumor microenvironment slowed pancreatic tumor growth.
	2. Etiologie
Study shows ‘signature’ that radiation damage leaves in our DNA [Cancer Research UK] After discovering the two distinct DNA signatures for radiation damage that were independent of the type of cancer, the team compared the findings with prostate cancers that had or had not been exposed to radiation. They found the same signatures again.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
Toxic chemicals in household dust linked to cancer and infertility [The Guardian] Writing in the Environmental Science and Technology journal, Singla and colleagues described how they analysed 26 peer-reviewed papers, as well as one unpublished dataset, from 1999 onwards to examine the chemical make-up of indoor dust. The studies covered a wide range of indoor environments, from homes to schools and gymnasiums across 14 states.
	3.1.1 Tabac - e-cigs
Conclusions about the effects of electronic cigarettes remain the same [Cochrane] The conclusions of this updated Review are unchanged since the last review was published two years ago: electronic cigarettes may help smokers stop their smoking, and the included studies did not find any serious side effects associated with their use for up to two years.
E-cigarettes may have helped 18,000 people quit smoking in 2015 [Cancer Research UK] “England is sometimes singled out as being too positive in its attitude to e-cigarettes. These data suggest that our relatively liberal regulation of e-cigarettes is probably justified.”
E-cigarettes 'help more smokers quit' [BBC News] The British Medical Journal work looked at trends in quit rates and support in England from 2006 to 2015.
Why can't scientists agree on e-cigarettes? [The Guardian] As a Cochrane review of e-cigarettes is published, its author asks why vaping devices have divided the academic community.
Scientific evidence grows for e-cigarettes as quit-smoking aids [Reuters] Researchers at University College London (UCL) analyzed the latest data on smoking and quitting in England – including details on smokers who worked with the health-worker devised Stop Smoking Services to set a quit date.
As popularity of e-cigarettes rises, more smokers are able to quit, study says [LA Times] These parallel trends, reported Wednesday in the BMJ medical journal, don’t prove that electronic cigarettes help smokers kick the habit. But that possibility is looking more and more likely, experts said.
	3.4.1 Chimioprévention - aspirine
Study offers insight into how aspirin lowers risk of colon cancer and cardiovascular disease [Stanford Medicine] This approach to comprehensively evaluate the actions of a drug using genomic data — as we have done here with aspirin — is a paradigm shift that could change how drugs are developed and positioned for clinical use.
	3.5 Prévention - UV
Choosing stronger sunscreen would reduce women's melanoma risk [Reuters] While it may seem obvious that sunscreen with a higher SPF would protect against skin cancer, the study's lead author said past research produced conflicting results, in part because many sunscreen users don't apply sunscreens properly.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Reactor shutdown threatens world’s medical-isotope supply [Nature] Canada’s Chalk River reactor, which makes large amounts of technetium-99m, will end production next month.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Death by “Pseudo-Progression”: Knowing When to Cut Your Losses with Immunotherapy [Grace] While nobody wants to eliminate the hope provided by immunotherapy, it’s important not to let this optimism cloud good judgment. Pseudo-pseudo-progression is becoming a dangerous risk for patients receiving immunotherapy.
Yale’s David Spiegel inspires another immuno-oncology R&D spinout focused on Antibody Recruiting Molecules [EndPoints] His work on Antibody Recruiting Molecules — which lure in antibodies to a specific surface protein in order to destroy diseased cells — is being used to spin out a new biotech called Kleo Pharmaceuticals, which plans to go after cancer and infectious diseases.
	5.2 Pharma
Ego, ambition, and turmoil: Inside one of biotech’s most secretive startups [STAT] In just the past 12 months, respected leaders of Moderna’s cancer and rare disease programs both resigned, even though the company’s remarkable fundraising had put ample resources at their disposal.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Relay uncloaks with $57M Series A round to join the next-gen cancer race [FierceBiotech] The biotech, based in Cambridge, MA, is using the dynamic structural changes undergone by protein molecules within the body to design a new platform for drug discovery that it believes will become the new and accepted way of finding new meds in the future. Its focus initially will be on cancer.
	6.6 Publications
We have an epidemic of deeply flawed meta-analyses, says John Ioannidis [Retraction Watch] We keep thinking about systematic reviews and meta-analyses as retrospective assessments of past evidence. We should think of them more as prospective integration of evidence for larger research agendas that are prospectively designed.
	6.7.1 Bioinformatique
Why scientists must share their research code [Nature] 'Reproducibility editor' Victoria Stodden explains the growing movement to make code and data available to others.