Onco Actu du 25 août 2016

	2.7 Etiologie - Obésité
IARC identifies eight additional cancer sites linked to overweight and obesity [IARC] The review of the available literature for middle-aged adults showed that there is sufficient evidence in humans that the absence of excess body fatness reduces the risk of cancers of the gastric cardia, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid, and meningioma, and multiple myeloma.
Well: Obesity Is Linked to at Least 13 Types of Cancer [NY Times] This new review, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, links an additional eight cancers to excess fat: gastric cardia, a cancer of the part of the stomach closest to the esophagus; liver cancer; gallbladder cancer; pancreatic cancer; thyroid cancer; ovarian cancer; meningioma, a usually benign type of brain cancer; and multiple myeloma, a blood cancer.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Precision Test For Breast Cancer Treatment Remains Imprecise [NPR] Is it worth all the trouble of chemotherapy for women who are found to be at low risk for recurrence in this genomic test? That's a tough call, because it requires grasping the rather abstract idea of improving survival odds by maybe just 1 percentage point.
When DNA and medical tests disagree about breast cancer risk, which to believe? [STAT] Some oncologists not involved in the study were more cautious. “I don’t think they accomplished what they meant to,” said Dr. Harold Burstein, a breast cancer physician at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
The 70-Gene Signature as an Aid to Treatment Decisions in Early Breast Cancer [Now@NEJM] In the accompanying editorial, Dr. Clifford A. Hudis and Dr. Maura Dickler consider the significance of a 1.5 percentage-point difference in distant metastasis-free 5-year survival in two women of different ages, priorities, and high clinical risk. They explain, “This difference does not precisely exclude a benefit that clinicians and patients might find meaningful.”
Breast cancer patients could be spared chemotherapy with new test [The Telegraph] Results showed that around 46 per cent of women with newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer were classified as low risk by the test, called MammaPrint, and did not need medication.
Gene Tests Identify Breast Cancer Patients Who Can Skip Chemotherapy, Study Says [NY Times] The new study is one of the largest and most rigorous trials of genomic testing, and offers reassurance to doctors and patients that the technology can be trusted to help identify patients who do not need chemo. But an editorial accompanying the report said the study was not the final word, and additional research now underway would provide more clarity.
	5. Traitements
Scientists discover drug combination slows lung cancer cell growth [Cancer Research UK] The study, by scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Institut Gustave Roussy in France, looked at whether blocking the functions of two proteins called MEK and m-TOR would stop or slow down the growth of non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells in the laboratory.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Hybrid nanovaccine tackles cancer immunotherapy challenges in mice [FierceBiotech] This hybrid nanovaccine could potentially improve cancer immunotherapy with its enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor growth and ability to stay inside the tumor, which cuts down on side effects on other parts of the body.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Advances in Immunotherapy: Using an Antibiotic to Remote-control CAR T cells [CANCER RESEARCH Catalyst] “When considering CAR T-cell therapy, one of the major concerns is the ‘on-target, off-tumor’ effects. To reduce the toxicity, it is desirable to make the T cells switchable.”
	5.2.2 Pharma - Fusions & Acquisitions
Drug Mergers Hurt in Every Direction (Save One) [In the Pipeline] Inside the merged companies, there’s a great deal of disruption, as many readers here can testify. But across the industry as a whole, things get less competitive the fewer players there are and the fewer the approaches being tried.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,...
Adaptive Pathways: Key Learnings and Next Steps [ESMO] EMA publishes report on pilot project with oncology accounting for a third of the total initial submissions.
	6.1 Observation
Cancer vs. Heart Disease: What’s Behind the Numbers [ACS] The American Cancer Society was among those who had estimated that cancer would overtake heart disease as the leading cause of death overall in the United States during the current decade. But, as so frequently happens, reality stepped in: the death rate from heart disease has begun to flatten, possibly due to rising rates of obesity, or perhaps because we are reaching a limit on our ability prevent deaths from heart disease.
	6.6 Publications
Relative Citation Ratio (RCR) – A Leap Forward in Research Metrics [Digital Science] Instead of solely relying on the publishing journal’s subject area, the RCR takes into account all the articles that it cites – and are cited with it – and the articles that cite it.
Thirty-second Take: How to Review a Paper [The Genome's Take] One theme that regularly struck me is how often reviews are at odds with one another, and how rarely three of them would find the same flaw.
	6.9 Controverses
New leader of NIH’s research watchdog faces staff revolt [Science] The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) in Rockville, Maryland, which guards against misconduct in biomedical research, usually attracts attention with its findings, not its internal workings.