Onco Actu du 24 août 2016

	1. Biologie
An ecological approach to understanding differential cancer susceptibility in organs [The Evolution and Medicine Review] In the same way that long-lived massive animals, like elephants, do not suffer inordinately from cancer thanks to multiple copies of the p53 “guardian of the genome” gene, tissues with high levels of turnover, like the small intestine, which rejuvenates its lining every 5 days, may have evolved especially powerful anticancer mechanisms.
	2.8 Etiologie - Contraceptifs, THS
Combined HRT breast cancer risk 'may have been underestimated' [NHS Choices] But we still can't conclude with complete certainty that it's only the combined pill that carries a breast cancer risk – particularly when the analyses combining all types of HRT found an increased risk. For now, it has to be considered that any type of HRT could carry a small increased risk of breast cancer.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Parents remain leery of schools that require HPV vaccination [STAT] So far, just two states — Rhode Island and Virginia — and the District of Columbia, require HPV vaccination for entering school. To what extent such legislative efforts will spread around the country seems unclear.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Not So Fast on the PD-L1 Comparisons [In the Pipeline] So it’s early, very early, to try to draw head-to-head comparisons between Opdivo and Keytruda (Merck’s antibody), or the other players in this field, based on their individual clinical trial data. Everyone’s brining their own facts, which are valid only in their own trials.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Experimental cancer therapy holds great promise — but at great cost [STAT] One of the hallmarks of CAR-T: It has to nearly kill you if it’s going to save you. The treatment induces such sudden and severe side effects that it can take a small army of top specialists to keep patients alive while their newly engineered immune systems attack their cancer cells.
	5.2 Pharma
Wall Street looks for Clovis to make good in ovarian cancer, after lung cancer failure [FierceBiotech] Clovis expects to submit for a European approval during the fourth quarter. The company plans to present rucaparib data at the upcoming European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) conference in Copenhagen in October.
FDA Accepts Clovis Oncology's New Drug Application for Rucaparib for Priority Review for the Treatment of Advanced Mutant BRCA Ovarian Cancer [Clovis Oncology] The efficacy of rucaparib was assessed in 106 patients from two multicenter, single-arm, open-label clinical trials, Study 1 (Study 10, NCT01482715) and Study 2 (ARIEL2 Parts 1 and 2, NCT01891344), in patients with advanced BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer who had progressed after two or more prior chemotherapies.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Drug Manufacturers Use Patents To Protect High Prices [NPR] The study found that new drugs have a median 12.5 years of exclusive market access, and it's even longer for completely new medications. Kesselheim says drugmakers often use "life-cycle management" tactics to extend their exclusive market access.
NICE approves new cancer drugs for routine NHS use [NICE] NICE has approved bosutinib for leukaemia and pemetrexed for lung cancer for routine use on the NHS because the companies that market them lowered their prices.
Can anything contain U.S. drug costs? [Reuters] To assess the forces driving drug costs, Kesselheim and colleagues reviewed research published from 2005 to 2016 exploring the sources of drug prices in the U.S., the consequences and possible solutions.
	6.1 Observation
Cancer was slated to overtake heart disease as America’s top killer — here’s why it hasn’t [STAT] Anderson said that it’s unclear why deaths from heart disease have started ticking upward again. The “last two flu seasons have been kind of rough, and the flu can kill heart patients a lot sooner than they would have died otherwise,” he said. “But it could also be just random. It’s really too complicated to draw any definitive conclusion.”
	6.6 Publications
Scientific Reports On Track To Become Largest Journal In The World [The Scholarly Kitchen] Scientific Reports, published by Springer Nature was a relative latecomer to the scene, and, at the time of its launch, many skeptics did not believe that there would be room for yet another multidisciplinary open access journal.
	6.7.3 DMP
Evolutionary Pressures on the Electronic Health Record:  Caring for Complexity [JAMA] In this world of patient portals and electronic tablets, it should be possible to collect from individuals key information about their environment and unique stressors—at home or in the workplace—in the medical record. What is the story of the individual?