Onco Actu du 8 juillet 2016

	1. Biologie
Mouse Study Illuminates the Spread of Breast Cancer to Bone [National Cancer Institute] “These findings suggest that combining a CXCR4 inhibitor to force the cells out of their niches and an E-selectin inhibitor to prevent metastasis to the bone marrow could help trap the cells in the vasculature, where they could be killed with chemotherapy.”
	2. Etiologie
Why Do More Black Women Die of Breast Cancer? A Study Aims to Find Out [NY Times] A $12 million grant will finance a study of more than 20,000 black women with breast cancer, comparing them with thousands of black women who do not have the disease and white women who do.
	3.2 Prévention - Obésité
Weighing Up the Cancer Problem [CANCER RESEARCH Catalyst] One of the most effective ways a person can lower his or her risk of developing cancer is by maintaining a healthy weight.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Inherited gene faults could play greater role in advanced prostate cancer than previously thought [Cancer Research UK] “As the cost falls, the cancer sequencing approach used in this study will become more and more relevant, making it possible to routinely examine all men with advanced prostate cancer for inherited mutations.”
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
Long-Awaited Draft Guidances on Next Generation Sequencing Diagnostic Tests Released Today [FDA Law Blog] These draft guidances currently only apply to IVDs subject to regulatory oversight by FDA. Should FDA’s efforts to regulate laboratory developed tests (LDTs) come to bear, these draft guidances would also apply to the numerous NGS-based LDTs.
NICE Issues Quality Standard on Suspected Cancer [ESMO] This quality standard is expected to contribute to improvements in time to cancer diagnosis, cancer diagnosed at stage I or II, cancer-related morbidity and mortality.
	4.7 Dép., diag. & prono. - Col de l'utérus
FDA approves first HPV test for use with SurePath Preservative Fluid [FDA] The Roche cobas HPV Test with SurePath Preservative Fluid is approved for use with cervical cell samples obtained for a Pap test to screen women age 30 and older for HPV in order to determine whether additional follow-up and diagnostic procedures are needed.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Imaging technique could help focus breast cancer treatment [Cancer Research UK] Fluorescent lifetime imaging is a technique that can accurately measure the distance between two protein molecules. In this study the researchers measured the distance between HER2 and HER3 proteins in breast cancer cells from patients.
	5. Traitements
New way to test cancer drugs boosts hopes for personalised treatment [The Guardian] In the largest project of its kind, researchers tested how well 265 old and new drugs worked on cancer cells that harboured most of the important DNA mutations that drive various types of tumours.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
More Cancer Mutations May Be Good for Immunotherapy Patients [Bloomberg] Diaz estimates that about 4 percent of patients with metastatic cancers have high mutational burdens and could benefit from using checkpoint-inhibitors drugs, equating to almost 24,000 people in the U.S.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Feuerstein: Juno Patient Deaths Crash Cancer-Killing CAR-T Party [The Street] The company intends to quickly submit paperwork to the FDA to amend its study so that fludarabine is no longer used. Juno hopes the FDA concerns are satisfied and the clinical hold can be lifted but there are not guarantees. Previous guidance from Juno that JCAR015 could be approved in 2017 is now off the table.
Kite Pharma Completes Enrollment of All Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) in Pivotal Multi-Center Phase 2 Study of KTE-C19 (ZUMA-1) [KITE] The DLBCL cohort of ZUMA-1 enrolled patients whose disease is chemorefractory (no response to last line of therapy or has relapsed within 12 month of autologous stem cell therapy).
After Three Deaths, FDA Halts Juno's Leading CAR-T Trial [Xconomy] Juno’s decision to “precondition” all its CAR-T recipients—not just those getting JCAR015—with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide came last year, after Juno collaborator Cameron Turtle of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle showed that patients fared better when receiving the combination before another T cell therapy, JCAR014.
Juno Therapeutics Stops Trial Of Cancer-Killing Cells After 3 Patient Deaths [Forbes] Bishop says that the culprit appears to be a new drug, the chemotherapy fludarabine, that Juno recently added to the trial, called ROCKET. In the CART treatment, patients are first given a chemo cocktail that kills their existing T-cells. This gives the new T-cell, genetically re-engineered to attack cancer, room to grow. Juno has previously presented work showing that adding a drug called fludarabine to the chemotherapy makes the CART cells take root faster.
Juno Therapeutics Reports Clinical Hold on the JCAR015 Phase II ROCKET Trial [Juno Therapeutics] The clinical hold was initiated after two patient deaths last week, which followed the recent addition of fludarabine to the pre-conditioning regimen.
Juno Halts Cancer Trial Using Gene-Altered Cells After 3 Deaths [NY Times] All three of the deaths, two of them occurring last week, were among the six or seven patients so far who had received both chemotherapy drugs. There have been no such deaths among the 13 or 14 patients in the study who received cyclophosphamide alone, the company said.
Juno Trial Put on Hold After 3 Patient Deaths; Stock Plunges [Bloomberg] Shares of competitors testing CAR-T therapies fell in late trading. Kite Pharma Inc. dropped 7.2 percent to $48.33, while Bluebird Bio Inc. slipped 4.7 percent to $46.52 and Ziopharm Oncology Inc. slid 3.8 percent to $5.78.
Juno cancer study halted after patient deaths, shares slide 30 pct [Reuters] All three patients were in their 20s, and the deaths were linked to swelling in the brain, the company said.
	5.2.2 Pharma - Fusions & Acquisitions
Medivation Overplays a Risky Hand [Bloomberg] Medivation will probably get more than $3 a share for talazoparib. But it needs to be realistic about getting a best-in-class valuation for the drug -- or the nearly $3 billion market-cap boost Tesaro's data inspired -- without more proof.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Q&A: Why the World Health Organization plans a fair pricing model for drugs [STAT] The trick is to find the right balance between access to affordable medicines and enticing companies to develop new and improved medicines, while also ensuring lower-cost generics remain available. We spoke with Suzanne Hill, the secretary to the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, about how the agency hopes to get this done.
NICE approves first drug from old Cancer Drugs Fund [NICE] Dozens of patients with leukaemia will now have an automatic right to the drug bosutinib rather than having to apply to the Cancer Drugs Fund for it.
Japan's Eisai weighs legal action in UK cancer drug row [Reuters] The move highlights frustration among drugmakers at the way the National Health Service (NHS) restricts access to new drugs, especially ones for cancer that can cost tens of thousands of pounds a year.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
A Shot in the Arm for Obama’s Precision Medicine Initiative [MIT Technology Review] Precision medicine is a big idea. Tailoring drugs and therapies to a patient’s individual disease, lifestyle, environment, and genes could touch off a health-care revolution, or so the thinking goes. But first there is much we need to learn about what that all means to a person’s health.
President Obama’s 1-million-person health study kicks off with five recruitment centers [Science] To create the cohort, NIH initially expected to link up existing large health studies with DNA samples, such as a huge biobank run by the health provider Kaiser Permanente in northern California. But an advisory group recommended recruiting new volunteers partly so that data and sample collection could be standardized. NIH then invited health care providers to apply to participate.
Medicine’s next step - Barack Obama [The Boston Globe] Precision medicine gives us the chance to marry what’s unique about America — our spirit of innovation, our courage to take risks, our collaborative instincts – with what’s unique about Americans – every individual’s distinctive genetic makeup, lifestyles, and health needs.
	6.6 Publications
A new preprint server could be a ‘game-changer.’ But will scientists come? [STAT] But will Wellcome Open Research really bring about revolution? After all, the charity has already dipped a toe in these waters with the creation in 2012 of the online open-access outlet eLife.