Onco Actu du 19 avril 2016

	1. Biologie
Circulating Tumor Cells Traverse Tiny Vasculature [The Scientist] Clusters of tumor-derived cells can pass through narrow channels that mimic human capillaries, scientists show in vitro and in zebrafish.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Switching to newest HPV vaccine can save billions in health care costs, study says [STAT] By using Gardasil 9, as the newest version is called, the incidence of cervical cancer would decrease by 73 percent and death by 49 percent, the analysis found.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Cancer MoonShot 2020 Forms Radiation and Immuno-Oncology Working Group to Accelerate Efforts to Win the War on Cancer [National Immunotherapy Coalition] 15 top medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and scientists collaborating from all parts of the country including Mass General, Tufts, Emory, Sanford Health, and Cedars Sinai to work on combinations of low dose radiation with cancer-directed immunotherapy.
	5.2 Pharma
Merck Receives Breakthrough Therapy Designation from U.S. Food and Drug Administration for KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma [Merck] Fourth Designation for KEYTRUDA Follows Breakthrough Status in Advanced Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer.
	5.2.2 Pharma - Fusions & Acquisitions
AstraZeneca mulls £7bn move for prostate cancer drug company Medivation  [The Telegraph] San Francisco-based Medivation, which has a best-selling prostate cancer treatment, has been on the radar of AstraZeneca and its rivals Roche and Sanofi as they look for ways to boost their oncology businesses.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Roche reports solid sales growth in the first quarter of 2016 [Roche] Pharmaceuticals Division sales increase 4%, driven by oncology and immunology medicines.
	5.9 AACR
American Association for Cancer Research Inaugurates New Leadership at 2016 Annual Meeting [AACR] Dr. Nancy E. Davidson Inaugurated as President.
Dr. Robert Weinberg Honored With AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research [AACR] In addition to his extraordinary research accomplishments, Weinberg is the co-author, with Douglas Hanahan, of one of most influential papers in the field of cancer research, “The Hallmarks of Cancer.”
	5.9.1 AACR - sein
MammaPrint Genetic Test Can Reduce Use of Post-surgery Chemotherapy Among Early-stage Breast Cancer Patients [AACR] Piccart explained that when considering all the patients enrolled in the MINDACT trial, 14 percent could avoid chemotherapy by using the 70-gene signature MammaPrint genetic test to assess risk compared with using traditional clinical assessments.
​​Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models Improved by Adding Multiple Biological Markers of Risk [AACR] The biological markers of risk the researchers assessed were a genetic risk score, mammographic density, and levels of the endogenous hormones testosterone, estrone sulfate, and prolactin; each of these markers has been associated with breast cancer risk in multiple studies.
​​A Presurgery Combination Therapy May Improve Outcomes for Women With HER2-positive Breast Cancer [AACR] Results from the I-SPY 2 TRIAL show that a neoadjuvant (presurgery) therapy combination of the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; Kadcyla) and pertuzumab (Perjeta) was more beneficial than paclitaxel plus trastuzumab for women with HER2-positive invasive breast cancer.
Palbociclib Showed Antiproliferative Activity in Early-stage Breast Cancer [AACR] This randomized study included 100 women who had been diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. Seventy-four received 125 mg of oral palbociclib daily for 14 days leading up to breast cancer surgery. The 26 patients in the control arm received no treatment.
	5.9.1.2 AACR - sein - radiothérapie
For this controversial breast abnormality, is radiation treatment needed? [STAT] Absolute numbers are more meaningful: the difference in risk of developing breast cancer is about 0.8 percent, or fewer than one woman in 100. “This is an example of [a finding that is] statistically significant and clinically irrelevant,” said Dr. Laura Esserman.
Genetics May Influence Risk for Breast Cancer After Chest Radiotherapy to Treat Childhood Cancer [AACR] Morton and colleagues found that specific variants in two regions of the genome were associated with increased risk of breast cancer after childhood cancer among survivors who received 10 or more gray [a measure of radiation dose] of chest radiotherapy.
Delays in Radiation Therapy Increase Chance of Breast Tumor Development in Women Treated for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ [AACR] Liu and colleagues conducted this study by identifying 5,916 women in the Missouri Cancer Registry who were diagnosed with first primary DCIS between 1996 and 2011 and were treated with breast-conserving surgery.
	5.9.3 AACR - mélanome
Skin cancer 'breakthrough': Deadly tumours destroyed by radical new therapy [The Telegraph] Experts have said the class of drugs – which work by “re-educating” the immune system – are one of the greatest breakthroughs in cancer treatment in four decades.
Skin cancer: Pair of drugs 'eliminate 20% of tumours' [BBC News] Prof Richard Marais, from Cancer Research UK, said the results were "exciting" and "offer new hope to melanoma patients and their families". However, he added: "It's important to remember that there's an increased likelihood of severe side effects when these drugs are combined.
	5.9.6 AACR - prostate
Physical Activity May Improve Prostate Cancer Prognosis [AACR] Wang said a limitation of the study is that subjects reported their own physical activity and sitting time data. Any self-reported data is subject to errors in reporting and recall.
	5.9.7 AACR - divers
Comparison of Three Different PD-L1 Diagnostic Tests Shows a High Degree of Concordance [AACR] Ratcliffe said the study results indicate that it may be possible to extrapolate the results from one test to that of another test, and could someday allow physicians to use the tests interchangeably, though she added that further research is needed to confirm the findings.
Running from Cancer? [The Scientist] Can exercising help treat cancer? The short answer is: we don’t know.
	5.9.8 AACR - Pharma
AstraZeneca Presents DNA Damage Response Science At The AACR 2016 Annual Meeting [TheStreet] These agents use a variety of different pathways to disrupt tumour cells' natural ability to repair themselves as they replicate, eventually causing the tumour cells to die.
Halozyme Expands Oncology Pipeline With Two Compounds Designed For Activity In The Tumor Microenvironment [Halozyme] Adenosine Targeting Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor and Anti-EGFR Antibody-Drug Conjugate Demonstrate Tumor Growth Inhibition in Pre-Clinical Studies.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
NCI opens online platform to submit ideas about research for Cancer Moonshot [National Cancer Institute] Submissions will be considered by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP) of scientific experts and patient advocates as they develop the scientific direction at NCI for the initiative.
Stigma keeps some cancer patients from getting palliative care [Reuters] Zimmermann and colleagues interviewed 48 cancer patients and 23 of their family caregivers in cases when life expectancy was six to 24 months. The researchers randomly assigned 26 patients to receive palliative care in addition to standard cancer care, while another 22 patients had only standard care.