Onco Actu du 12 avril 2016

	1. Biologie
Macrophages surrounding lymph nodes block the progression of melanoma, other cancers [Massachusetts General Hospital] These subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages form a protective coating around lymph nodes, preventing the entry of tiny structures that transport bits of tumor tissue and help the cancer to grow and spread. However, the SCS macrophage barrier appears to be temporary, as it breaks down as the tumor progresses and in response to some cancer treatment drugs.
	1.1 Biologie - Gènes
Mystery factors protect lucky few from severe genetic disorders [Nature News & Comment] This work paves the way for future genotype-sequencing studies, in which sharing data at a national scale, and across international boundaries, will become increasingly important, says MacArthur.
‘Buffer genes’ may protect these 13 people from rare genetic diseases [Science] The study is a first step in the Resilience Project, an effort led by Stephen Friend, president of Sage Bionetworks in Seattle, Washington, and genomics researcher Eric Schadt of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.
Thirteen Anonymous Genetic Superheroes Walk Among Us—Or Do They? [The Atlantic] “I had an a-ha moment,” says Friend. “If you want to find a way of preventing disease, you shouldn’t be looking at people with the disease. “You should look at people who should have been sick but aren’t.”
Scientists search for 13 people to solve genetic mutation mystery [The Guardian] A massive study of more than half a million people who might carry genetic mutations for 584 devastating childhood diseases has identified 13 who have mutations for severe conditions – but none of the symptoms of the disease.
Search for New Medical Treatments Zeroes in on Genetic Superheroes [MIT Technology Meview] A massive search through genetic databases has found evidence for more than a dozen “genetic superheroes,” people whose genomes contain serious DNA errors that cause devastating childhood illnesses but who say they aren’t sick.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
ASCO Urges Aggressive Efforts to Increase HPV Vaccination and Prevent Cancer [ASCO] Society calls on member oncologists to help lead push for all adolescents and young adults to be vaccinated against cervical and other cancers.
	3.4.1 Chimioprévention - aspirine
Experts debate: Do healthy people need an aspirin a day? [STAT] Some healthy men and women should take aspirin every day to ward off heart attack, stroke, and colorectal cancer. That’s the final recommendation from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) after more than a year of study and lively public comment.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
BRCAness – going beyond the BRCA genes [The Institute of Cancer Research] Much is known about the BRCA genes and how to target them, but what do we know about ‘BRCAness’? Liz Burtally finds out more.
	5. Traitements
Nanoparticle generator targets metastatic breast cancer [National Cancer Institute] In the study, the treatment approach led to complete remissions in mice with a hard-to-treat form of breast cancer.
A Simple Tool to Ease Cancer's Side Effects [Wall Street Journal] Ms. Cwiecek, who received chemotherapy in 2014 and a stem-cell transplant for her cancer, last year took part in one of a series of randomized clinical trials at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai to test whether regular exposure to bright white light could reduce the extreme fatigue and feelings of depression that affect many cancer patients.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Clinical Trials Need More Subjects [Wall Street Journal] Studies indicate that fewer than 10% of Americans participate in clinical trials, and only 3% to 5% of patients sign up for trials of new cancer therapies.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Celgene pays Juno $50M as it drives deeper into a $1B CAR-T collaboration [FierceBiotech] Seattle-based Juno says it has three promising therapies that target CD19 in development: JCAR015, JCAR017, and JCAR014.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
The one drug pricing idea Hillary Clinton and PhRMA can agree on [STAT] Ubl’s comments on Clinton’s version of the idea underscore the political reality that health insurers, not drug companies, are likely to take the biggest hit if the caps become law.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
Roche announces FDA grants Venclexta(venetoclax) accelerated approval for people with hard-to-treat type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia [Roche] Venclexta is designed to help restore a cell’s ability to self-destruct and is the first medicine of its kind to be approved.
FDA approves new drug for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients with a specific chromosomal abnormality [FDA] The efficacy of Venclexta was tested in a single-arm clinical trial of 106 patients with CLL who have a 17p deletion and who had received at least one prior therapy.
AbbVie/Roche drug gets U.S. approval for a rare type of leukemia [Reuters] AbbVie developed the drug with Roche Holding AG. It will be marketed by both companies in the United States under the brand name Venclexta, and by AbbVie elsewhere.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
This nonprofit is playing a valuable role in framing the drug price discussion [STAT] No one else, not even including the federal government, provides this kind of in-depth information for so many different types of medicines. Consequently, ICER is becoming a de facto arbiter for the nation’s medicine chest.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
New public repository of patient-derived cancer models aims to improve drug testing [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] To share this technique widely, Dana-Farber has established an open-source public repository of biopsy tissue collected from patients with leukemia and lymphoma.
Cancer Tissue Repository Launched (The Scientist] Researchers can register for the database, called the Public Repository of Xenografts (PRoXe), use its Web portal to search for PDX models of specific subtypes of blood cancers, and order frozen cells from which they can create xenograft mouse models.
#Cancer: Researchers Are Conducting Huge Studies Using Twitter, Facebook [Fast Company] Instead of relying on the small number of patients who go to research hospitals, doctors are recruiting huge numbers of participants online.
	6.1 Observation
Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Tied to Depression [NY Times] Compared with those treated with other therapies, men who received androgen deprivation therapy were 23 percent more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression, and they had a 29 percent increased risk of having inpatient psychiatric treatment.
Marriage is good for cancer patients [Reuters] The research team studied nearly 783,000 patients diagnosed with cancer in California from 2000 through 2009, including about 387,000 who had died by 2012.
	6.10 Politiques
Precision medicine helped him beat cancer. Now he’s leading Obama’s initiative [STAT] The 48-year-old Oregonian, who is not a physician, not a Ph.D., and not a geneticist, has a hard-won qualification: he used precision medicine to rid himself of the kidney cancer that plagued him since college. And he is determined that others benefit the same way.
Selection of Eric Dishman as Director of the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program [National Institutes of Health] Eric brings a wealth of health innovation experience to the PMI effort — as a social scientist and researcher, entrepreneur and business leader, patient and patient advocate, and policy advocate and thought leader.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives
Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine [Science-Based Medicine] If scientists can put together a trial as clever and complex as the SHIVA trial, I laugh at Jeff Bland telling me that FM can’t be tested because it’s two “personalized.”
	6.6 Publications
Paper on GI cancers linked to AIDS pulled for errors that upped tumor incidence [Retraction Watch] Gastroenterology has retracted a 2012 article on GI cancers associated with AIDS after the authors, from the National Cancer Institute, acknowledged that a “programming” error led them to overestimate the incidence of the tumors.
So long to the silos [Nature Biotechnology] Nature Biotechnology will now publish all computational biology papers in its research section, a decision that reflects an ongoing need to break down silos surrounding mathematical, computational and basic biology.