Onco Actu du 6 janvier 2016

	1. Biologie
Missing mice: gaps in data plague animal research [Nature News & Comment] Reports of hundreds of biomedical experiments lack essential information.
	2. Etiologie
When one twin gets cancer, other faces higher risk [Harvard Gazette] Among the 23 different types of cancer studied, an excess familial risk was seen for almost all of the cancers, including common cancers such as breast and prostate cancer, but also more rare cancers such as testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, melanoma, ovarian, and stomach cancer.
Study of twins sheds light on how genetics impacts cancer risk [STAT] “I think it would be unconscionable and completely unjustified at this point to try to translate the results of a finding like this into risk or probability that a physician would tell a patient.”
	3. Prévention
Grand Challenge three: prevent cancer by studying ‘scars’ in its DNA [Cancer Research UK] As well as the obvious strategy of playing ‘match the pattern to the carcinogen’, the Grand Challenge panel is hoping to see these sorts of efforts scaled up considerably, and broadened in scope – Harlow says he’s keen to look beyond mistakes in the sequence of ‘letters’ in the cancer’s DNA, for even wider patterns in how entire chromosomes or even cell types are organised.
	3.1 Tabac
Advertising may be fueling the popularity of e-cigarettes among teens, CDC says [LA Times] “Kids are encountering these ads virtually everywhere – in stores, online, in newspapers and magazines, and on television and in movies. And the sad truth is, it’s working.”
E-cigarette ads' wide reach among U.S. youth alarming: CDC [Reuters] E-cigarette companies are reaching about seven in 10 U.S. middle- and high-school students with advertisements employing themes of sex, independence and rebellion that hooked previous generations on regular cigarettes, a government study released on Tuesday said.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
Male HPV Vaccination Scheme Launch [British Medical Association] Wales is to provide the HPV (human papillomavirus vaccine) to men who have sex with men, it has been announced.
	5. Traitements
Exercise could work as treatment for prostate cancer [Cancer Research UK] A newly-launched Cancer Research UK study could be the first step towards exercise training being introduced as a new NHS treatment for prostate cancer. The PANTERA study, led by Sheffield Hallam University, will focus on 50 men who have the disease, but whose cancer has not spread.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Improving access to clinial trials when biopsies are required [IASLC] The requirement for tumor tissue specimens and associated analyses in order to participate in clinical trials appears to be a significant barrier to clinical trial enrollment and may delay treatment.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Celyad completes 30-day safety follow-up of first patient of second cohort in NKG2D CAR T-Cell Phase I Trial [Celyad] The trial is a dose escalation study evaluating safety and feasibility of a CAR T-cell therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or multiple myeloma.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Bristol-Myers taps Oncodesign to serve up targets for new cancer drugs [FierceBiotech] Under the deal, Oncodesign gets $3 million up front to begin screening some proprietary molecules against a group of Bristol-Myers-selected targets, and the company is in line for up to $80 million for each potential hit.
	5.5 ASCO
Highlights of 2016 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium [The OBR Blog] At a pre-meeting press cast, investigators were enthusiastic about the meeting, which will focus on “patient-centric” care. They spoke about 3 separate studies: two related to prostate cancer and one in advanced kidney cancer.
Circulating Tumor Cells Linked with Treatment Resistance and Response in Prostate Cancer Patients [Epic Sciences] Research teams at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Epic Sciences have found that greater diversity among circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of advanced prostate cancer patients predicts not only shorter overall survival, but also the development of resistance to key anti-androgen therapies.
New Blood Test Technology Shows Promise for Guiding Prostate Cancer Treatment Decisions [ASCO] A total of 221 blood specimens from 179 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were assessed in this early study. The patients were about to begin either hormonal therapies targeting the androgen receptor (enzalutamide or abiraterone) or taxane chemotherapy.
Cabozantinib Improves Upon the Standard of Care for Advanced Kidney Cancer [ASCO] In the trial, 658 patients with advanced RCC who had previously received VEGFR inhibitor therapy were randomly assigned to receive cabozantinib or everolimus. Early findings from the first 375 patients showed that cabozantinib improved the median progression-free survival compared to everolimus (7.4 months vs. 3.8 months).
Regular Aspirin Use May Reduce Risk of Dying From Prostate Cancer [ASCO] “It is premature to recommend aspirin for prevention of lethal prostate cancer, but men with prostate cancer who may already benefit from aspirin’s cardiovascular effects could have one more reason to consider regular aspirin use,” said lead study author Christopher Brian Allard.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Oncology’s Future: Liquid Biopsies and the Heterogeneity of Cancer [Xconomy] How we treat cancer, diagnose cancer, and develop anti-cancer therapeutics today is all based on a reductionist approach to treating the disease as a monolith, as an average. As the New Year begins, let’s resolve to make 2016 the end of the average. The future of oncology is in heterogeneity.
	6.4 Médico-éco
For working-age cancer survivors, debt and bankruptcy are common [Reuters] Using 2012 survey data from 4,719 cancer survivors ages 18 to 64, Dr. Matthew P. Banegas at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research in Portland, Oregon and colleagues found that one-third had gone into debt because of cancer, and in more than half of those cases, the debt was above $10,000. Three percent had filed for bankruptcy.
	6.6 Publications
The ORCID mantra for 2016: Sustain, Lead, and Mature [ORCID] 2015 was an exciting year. We were awarded a major grant, doubled in size from 10 staff in four countries to 21 in ten countries, and made substantial gains in adoption and technical offerings (peer review! SSO! so much more!). So, what are our plans for the coming year?
At the heart of reproducibility lies the problem of transparency [Scope] With such low levels of transparency, it wasn’t surprising that replication studies were likewise rare. We can hope funders can find ways to motivate researchers to offer better transparency and reproducibility.
Reproducible Research Practices and Transparency across the Biomedical Literature [PLOS Biology] Articles published in journals in the clinical medicine category versus other fields were almost twice as likely to not include any information on funding and to have private funding. This study provides baseline data to compare future progress in improving these indicators in the scientific literature.