Onco Actu du 11 décembre 2015

	1. Biologie
Researchers discover new aspect of gene regulation and a possible target for cancer drugs [The Rockefeller University] In work published on December 11 in Science, Rockefeller University researchers and their collaborators describe a critical new regulator that helps restart a stalled RNA polymerase.
Neutrophils prepare niche in the lung for breast cancer metastasis and colonization [NIHilist's Immunology] In summary, this study suggests that anti-leukotriene therapy already available in the market could provide anti-cancer benefits.
	3.1 Tabac
Tobacco companies challenge legality of UK plain packaging rules [The Guardian] British American Tobacco among firms to protest at measure banning logos and branding, saying market is already highly regulated.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Prostate cancer test is more reliable if done twice [The Telegraph] The research team reviewed the medical records of 1,268 men who had an abnormal (high) PSA test result and were evaluated at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Assessment Centre between 2008 and 2013.
	5.2 Pharma
Pfizer Announces FDA Acceptance of IBRANCE® (palbociclib) Supplemental New Drug Application with Priority Review in HR+, HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer [Pfizer] sNDA seeks new indication to expand approved use of IBRANCE based on data from Phase 3 PALOMA-3 trial.
Aduro Biotech Announces First Patient Dosed in Phase 1 Study of ADU-214 for the Treatment of Lung Cancer [Aduro Biotech] LADD is Aduro’s proprietary platform of live-attenuated double-deleted Listeria monocytogenes strains that have been engineered to induce a potent innate immune response and to express tumor-associated antigens to induce tumor-specific T cell-mediated immunity.
Cancer Drug Quest Drives Bayer to Accelerate Pipeline Investment [Bloomberg Business] The company has more than doubled the number of cancer medicines in development in the last three years, including treatments that marry radiation and biologics.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Lilly and Merck Expand Immuno-Oncology Collaboration Adding Abemaciclib and KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Combination Trial [Merck] Lilly’s abemaciclib is a cell cycle inhibitor, designed to block the growth of cancer cells by specifically inhibiting CDK4 and CDK6. Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that works by increasing the ability of the body's immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells.
Bellicum and Astellas Announce License Agreement for Cancer Target PSCA in Cell and Gene Therapy [Bellicum Pharmaceuticals] PSCA is a cancer antigen expressed in many malignancies, including prostate, pancreatic, bladder, esophagus, and gastric cancers. Bellicum is developing BPX-601, a GoCAR-T™ product candidate targeting PSCA that has demonstrated robust anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Puma falls on neratinib side effects [BioCentury.com] Puma Biotechnology Inc. lost $9.01 (11%) to $72.22 on Thursday after data from two Phase II trials showed neratinib (PB272) led to high rates of severe diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, even after some patients received prophylaxis with antidiarrheal agent loperamide.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,...
What We Mean When We Talk About Data [FDA Voice] Before we can realize the dramatic potential of the healthcare data revolution, a number of practical, logistical, and scientific challenges must be overcome. And one of the first that must be tackled is the issue of terminology.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
NICE makes decisions on use of three innovative cancer drugs on NHS: ICR statement [The Institute of Cancer Research] "Abiraterone was discovered here at the ICR in England, so it is very disappointing that men in England and Wales will not be able to access the treatment – even though in Scotland it has been made available on the NHS. We need to challenge these kinds of inequalities in drug access across the UK.”
NICE publishes draft guidance on two prostate cancer treatments [NICE] - The Appraisal Committee concluded that enzalutamide is a well-tolerated treatment that delays chemotherapy (which it recognised as being valuable to patients) and improves survival. It was also found to be cost-effective. - The Appraisal Committee recognised that abiraterone is a well-tolerated treatment , which delayed chemotherapy but it was not convinced that the uncertain evidence for the long-term benefit of abiraterone justified accepting estimates of cost-effectiveness that were significantly above what it would normally consider acceptable.
NICE publishes draft guidance on two prostate cancer treatments [Pharmafile] NICE has issued final draft guidance recommending Astellas Pharma’s Xtandi (enzalutamide) in prostate cancer prior to chemotherapy, but not Janssen’s Zytiga (abiraterone).
	5.7.1 SABCS-communiqués
Seattle Genetics Presents Phase 1 Data from Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate SGN-LIV1A at San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium [Seattle Genetics] First Clinical Data Presentation of SGN-LIV1A Demonstrates Antitumor Activity and Well-Tolerated Safety Profile in Patients with Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.
myChoice HRD(TM) Test Identifies Breast Cancer Patients Likely to Respond to Platinum-Containing Therapies [Myriad] Patients With a Positive myChoice HRD(TM) Score Are Five Times More Likely to Respond.
Puma Biotechnology Announces Results of Phase II Trial of PB272 in Neoadjuvant Treatment of HER2-Positive Locally Advanced Breast Cancer [Puma Biotechnology] "We are pleased to see the promising clinical activity of neratinib in combination with trastuzumab as measured by pCR rates in the hormone receptor negative patients. We look forward to completing the biomarker analysis to determine which patients may derive the greatest benefit from this dual anti-HER2 therapy.”
Puma Biotechnology Presents Interim Results of Phase II Trial of PB272 for ERBB2 Mutant, HER2 Non-Amplified, Metastatic Breast Cancer at the 2015 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium [Puma Biotechnology] The interim efficacy results from the trial showed that for the 19 efficacy evaluable patients in the breast cancer cohort, 6 patients (32%) experienced a response at week 8. This included one patient with a complete response and five patients with partial responses.
NewLink Genetics Corporation Presents Preliminary Safety Data From Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Indoximod, an IDO Pathway Inhibitor, at San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium [NewLink Genetics] Indoximod is currently in multiple Phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of patients with breast, prostate, pancreatic, melanoma and brain cancers and in Phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric patients with primary malignant brain tumors.
	5.7.2 SABCS-divers
SABCS15: Promising phase 1 results lead to phase 2 for ONT-380 in HER2+ breast cancer [Colorado Cancer Blogs] Results of this ongoing phase I clinical trial (NCT01983501) support the initiation of a phase II clinical trial (NCT02614794), which Borges hopes will start accruing patients by the end of January 2016.
Clinical trial explores treatment for metastases while continuing overall breast cancer therapy [Colorado Cancer Blogs] “This study takes what has been a really successful approach to early stage breast cancer and moves it to the first presentation of metastatic disease.”
Mastectomy plus reconstruction has highest rate of complication, complication-related costs of guideline-concordant therapies for early breast cancer [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Treatment modality is also the most expensive in younger patients, MD Anderson study finds.
	5.7.3 SABCS-AACR
Adding Carboplatin to Presurgery Chemotherapy Improved Disease-free Survival for Patients With Triple-negative Breast Cancer [AACR] Previous results from GeparSixto showed carboplatin also increased pathologic complete responses.
Analysis of Blood Samples Finds ESR1 Gene Mutations are Prevalent and Associated With Worse Overall Survival [AACR] In this analysis, Chandarlapaty and colleagues evaluated blood samples from 541 of the 724 patients enrolled in BOLERO-2. They detected the D538G ESR1 mutation in samples from 83 patients, the Y537S ESR1 mutation in samples from 42 patients, and both mutations in samples from 30 patients.
Mastectomy Plus Reconstruction has Higher Complication Rates and Costs Than Lumpectomy Plus Radiation [AACR] Smith and colleagues used two data sources to gather information on treatment costs: the MarketScan database, a commercially available database on insurance claims from employers that they used to gather data on younger women, and the SEER-Medicare database, which they used to collect data on older women.
Breast-conserving Therapy Yielded Better Outcomes Than Mastectomy for Early-stage Patients [AACR] Data from 37,207 women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer between 2000 and 2004 was used to estimate 10-year OS, and data from a subcohort of 7,552 patients with similar characteristics diagnosed in 2003 was used to estimate 10-year DFS.
Resistance of ER-positive Breast Cancer to Tamoxifen Therapy May be Driven by APOBEC3B [AACR] Harris also noted that this study indicates that APOBEC3B, as a dominant intracellular source of genetic mutation, could potentially be controlled to prevent cancer progression.
SABCS 2015: Denosumab Improves Outcomes for Patients Taking Aromatase Inhibitors [CANCER RESEARCH Catalyst] The Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group-18 (ABCSG-18) trial enrolled 3,425 postmenopausal patients with early-stage, HR-positive breast cancer. In addition to adjuvant AI, roughly half of the study participants were randomly assigned to 60 milligrams of denosumab once every six months and the other half were randomly assigned placebo.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Grand Challenge two: wipe out cancers caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus [Cancer Research UK] EBV is very different from HPV. EBV is a type of virus called a ‘herpesvirus’, and at the moment, there are no protective vaccines against any human herpesviruses.
Creative Minds: Applying CRISPR Technology to Cancer Drug Resistance [NIH Director's Blog] Hsu now hopes to adapt CRISPR/Cas9 tools so they can be used to manipulate RNA just as skillfully as one can manipulate DNA.
Precision Medicine Trials for Cancer: A New Era Begins [National Cancer Institute] Share your thoughts below in the comments. And on January 5 at 1:00 p.m. ET, be part of our Google Hangout on precision medicine in NCI’s National Clinical Trials Network.
	6.1 Observation
Delaying chemotherapy in breast cancer patients reduces overall survival, especially for those with triple-negative breast cancer [MD Anderson Cancer Center] According to the study, published in JAMA Oncology, patients who start chemotherapy more than 90 days after surgery are 34 percent more likely to die within five years. Patients with TNBC who delay treatment have a 53 percent increased risk of death.
Study finds higher rates of advanced thyroid cancer in California [Reuters] "There's definitely something going on here, but we're not sure what explains it," Harari said. "To find the etiology of why its happening we need more research."
	6.8 Communication
What the media got wrong about Jimmy Carter’s cancer “cure” [HealthNewsReview] As King, a cancer survivor, points out, the “celebratory responses built around Carter’s cancer being ‘gone’ are in real danger of swamping an accurate understanding of cancer biology and of what many patients experience as they cope with cancer or cancer recovery.”