Onco Actu du 9 novembre 2015

	1. Biologie
TCGA renal papillary cell and prostate cancer [National Cancer Institute] - Improved Understanding of the Genetic Drivers of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma - TCGA Study Identifies Seven Distinct Subtypes of Prostate Cancer
	1.1 Biologie - Gènes
American Association for Cancer Research Launches International Genomic and Clinical Data-sharing Project [AACR] The AACR Project GENIE registry already contains more than 17,000 genomic records.
Cancer researchers band together to pool tumor genome data [Science] Sawyers says that GENIE grew out of conversations with colleagues at other cancer centers who are amassing tumor genetic data at a “mind boggling” rate.
	2.11 Etiologie - Alimentation
Barbecued meat may increase risk of kidney cancer [The Telegraph] Researchers from the University of Texas looked that the eating habits of 659 people suffering from renal cell carcinoma and compared them to 699 healthy subjects.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
Radon: the invisible gas that's a bigger killer than carbon monoxide [The Guardian] UK Radon Awareness Week runs from 7-13 November.
	2.8 Etiologie - Contraceptifs, THS
PR campaign underplays HRT cancer risks, critics say [The Guardian] Campaign funded by treatment manufacturer could mislead women before official menopause guidance is released, some scientists fear.
	3. Prévention
First precision medicine trial in cancer prevention [PHG Foundation] The genetic marker, called loss of heterozygosity or LOH, is able to predict which patients with premalignant mouth lesions are at highest risk of developing oral cancer. LOH is a chromosomal abnormality that results in the loss of chromosomal regions, which include tumour suppressor genes. The new tool could be used to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from chemoprevention.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Nivolumab in Renal-Cell Carcinoma [Now@NEJM] Motzer et al. conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study that compared nivolumab with everolimus in patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma, who had previously received one or two cycles of antiangiogenic therapy.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
The Hottest New Cancer Drugs Depend on Gut Microbes [The Atlantic] Immunotherapy doesn’t work for everyone, and a series of new studies might explain why.
	5.9 AACR
New NTRK-targeted Therapy Shows Early Promise Against Tumors With NTRK Gene Fusions [AACR] Hong explained that the major limitation of the current study is that it is a small phase I clinical trial that has assessed only three patients with NTRK gene fusion–positive tumors.
Mutant-IDH1 Inhibitor AG-120 Shows Early Promise Against Solid Tumors With IDH1 Mutations [AACR] As of Sept. 3, 2015, 62 patients with advanced IDH1 mutation–positive solid tumors that had recurred or progressed following standard treatment, with a median of three prior lines of therapy (ranging from one to six), have been treated with single agent AG-120. Twenty patients had glioma, 25 had IHCC, 12 had chondrosarcoma, and five had another cancer type.
First-in-class Antibody-Drug Conjugate Shows Significant Clinical Benefit Against Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer [AACR] Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is a first-in-class ADC, which was developed by linking approximately eight molecules of SN-38 (an active metabolite of the chemotherapy agent irinotecan) to an antibody that binds to Trop-2.
Osteoporosis Drug May Be Effective Against Pancreatic Cancer [AACR] Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator, which received FDA approval in 2013 as part of a combination drug for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women.
Analysis of Blood Samples Could Help Monitor Response of Colorectal Cancer Patients to BRAF Inhibitors [AACR] “BRAF V600E mutations were present in circulating cell-free DNA from all 12 patients in the study for whom serial plasma samples were available, and the direction of change in the ratio of BRAF V600E to BRAF wild-type [no BRAF mutation present] appeared to correlate with whether or not a tumor responded to treatment."
New, Investigational PARP1/2 Inhibitor BGB-290 Shows Promise [AACR] As of June 30, 2015, 29 patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors had been enrolled in the clinical trial. Among the 14 ovarian cancer patients for whom there were evaluable data, seven had an objective response, as assessed by RECIST 1.1 criteria. One was a complete response and six were partial responses.
AZD9291 Shows Clinical Activity in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Leptomeningeal Disease [AACR] “Our results show that AZD9291 is a well-tolerated compound in this difficult-to-treat setting, and demonstrated that it crosses the blood-brain barrier."
Loss of SMAD4 Gene in Certain Colorectal Cancers is Associated With Poor Prognosis [AACR] “We are now investigating whether these colorectal cancers have unique biological features because this has the potential to provide clues that could lead to new treatments.”
Agios Extends Reach of Cancer Metabolism Drug into Solid Tumors [TheStreet] AG-120 is a pill designed to block a mutated, metabolic enzyme known as IDH1. Normally, cells use the enzyme to help break down nutrients and generate energy. When mutated, the IDH enzyme alters the genetic programming of cells, preventing them from maturing and allowing them to grow uncontrollably.
​​Pediatric Low-grade Gliomas With CRAF Fusions May Require Differential and Combinatorial Targeted Therapies [AACR] Study highlights importance of molecular stratification to identify appropriate therapies.
Adding Tivantinib to Standard Erlotinib Treatment Improved Outcomes for Specific Subgroup of Patients With Lung Cancer [AACR] Adding tivantinib to erlotinib significantly increased the median progression-free survival, from 7.5 months among those patients assigned erlotinib and placebo to 13.0 months among those assigned the investigational combination. Although not statistically significant, the overall response rate and median overall survival were also increased.
Investigational AKT Inhibitor AZD5363 is Active Against Multiple Tumor Types With AKT1 E17K Mutations [AACR] To date, 45 patients with tumors positive for the AKT1 E17K mutation have received AZD5363 through the phase I clinical trial. Twenty-one patients had estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, four had triple-negative breast cancer, 14 had a gynecological cancer, and eight had another cancer type.
ImmunoGen Refines Drug Targeting for Ovarian Cancer Patients [TheStreet] Among 20 evaluable patients, the overall response rate to mirvetuximab soravtansin was 50% encompassing two complete responses and eight partial responses.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Transatlantic Dream Team of Top Researchers Selected To Tackle One of Cancer's Deadliest Forms: Pancreatic Cancer [AACR] Stand Up To Cancer, Cancer Research UK, and The Lustgarten Foundation Fund Team with $12 million.
	6.6 Publications
It's official: Anil Potti faked cancer research data, say Feds [Retraction Watch] Potti — referred to as “respondent” in the report — included “false research data” in reports of research from six different NIH grants, according to the ORI.
NIH metric that assesses article impact stirs debate [Nature News & Comment] The US biomedical funding agency is using the metric to evaluate funded research.
	6.9 Controverses
It’s not a war on cancer that we need, it’s a revolution [The Cancer Blog] This got me wondering about the war against cancer. Is the problem really one of “intelligence versus ignorance” as The Economist frames it, or is it that the people in the driving seat are so focused on their own agenda that the wider interests of the public, patients and survivors are being sidelined?