Onco Actu du 28 octobre 2015

	1. Biologie
Using CRISPR as a High-Throughput Cancer Screening and Modeling Tool [GEN] A contingent of researchers from the UK, Germany, and Spain have recently developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 system that they believe can be utilized as a multiplexed screening approach to study and model cancer development in mice.
	2. Etiologie
The 116 things that can give you cancer – the full list [The Guardian] The International Agency for Research on Cancer – a body that collects and publishes cancer figures worldwide – has a list of the 116 substances and activities (for some of them are more verb than noun) that are now considered to cause cancer. Red meat isn’t on the list – that only probably causes cancer.
	2.11 Etiologie - Alimentation
Processed meat and cancer [PHG Foundation] We may eventually be able to establish accurately who may eat processed meats with impunity, and who may not because their biology renders them particularly sensitive to the oncogenic components of such foods. This would permit much more accurate and personalised approach to disease prevention.
Processed meat 'causes cancer' warns WHO report [NHS Choices] The link between red and processed meat and cancer is not new, and there has been a large body of research evidence to suggest bowel cancer is more common when these food items are consumed.
California considers adding meat to cancer-alert list [Reuters] The inclusion of meat and processed meat on the list could reduce consumer demand, hurting major producers and processors like Hormel Foods Corp and JBS USA. It could also open the door wider for litigation against meat companies from consumers diagnosed with certain types of cancer.
The WHO's new warnings about bacon and cancer, explained [Vox] The IARC defended its research by arguing that the link between meat eating and cancer appeared in many types of studies, not just observational research.
Bacon Causes Cancer? Sort of. Not Really. Ish. [WIRED] science doesn’t happen in a vacuum—just look at the wave of traffic that crashed the IARC’s website after the meat announcement. The agency can maintain that it’s a dispassionate resource for policymakers, but the public is knocking at its door.
#FreeBacon topic sizzles on social media after WHO meat report [Reuters] The hashtags #FreeBacon, #Bacongeddon and #JeSuisBacon were among the top-trending topics worldwide on Twitter for a second straight day.
Expert reaction to IARC classification of processed meat as “carcinogenic to humans” and red meat as “probably carcinogenic to humans” [Science Media Centre] In the normal run of things, around 6 in every 100 people would be expected to get bowel cancer in their lifetime. If all these 100 people ate a three-rasher (around 50g) bacon sandwich every single day of their lives, then according to this report we would expect that 18% more would get bowel cancer – which is a rise from 6 cases to 7 cases.
Wurst case scenario: Germany and Austria defend their sausages [The Guardian] On Tuesday, the German food and agriculture minister, Christian Schmidt, said: “We worry people unnecessarily if we put meat in the same category as asbestos or tobacco.” His Austrian counterpart echoed the sentiment, calling the WHO report a “farce”.
	3.1 Tabac
Poll: Most Americans Support FDA Regulation Of E-Cigarettes [NPR] Overall, 57 percent of people said the FDA should regulate e-cigarettes like tobacco products. The proportion of people in favor of regulation rose with age and education.
BAT Revenue Beats Estimates Amid Resilient Cigarette Demand [Bloomberg Business] British American Tobacco Plc, the maker of Lucky Strike and Pall Mall cigarettes, reported nine-month revenue growth that beat analysts’ estimates as cigarette shipments reversed a decline in the third-quarter.
Most tobacco-using teens start with flavored products [Reuters] Many youth said flavoring was a reason to use e-cigarettes, hookahs, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and snus pouches, the researchers reported in JAMA.
Less than 4% of U.S. adults use electronic cigarettes regularly, CDC says [LA Times] The new CDC data reveal that for adults, e-cigarettes are indeed much more popular among current smokers and recent former smokers than among nonsmokers and people who haven’t smoked in years.
Canada court orders tobacco companies to set aside almost C$1 billion [Reuters] The more than C$15 billion in damages awarded in June, if upheld in an appeal of two class-action lawsuits, would compensate some 100,000 Quebec smokers and ex-smokers who allege the companies knew since the 1950s that their product was causing cancer and other illnesses and failed to warn consumers adequately.
	3.4 Chimioprévention
Well: Vitamin D and Calcium Fail to Reduce Colon Tumor Risk [NY Times] “There’s a strong lobby for supplements in general, and vitamin D is getting a lot of attention these days,” said the lead author, Dr. John A. Baron, a research professor at the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health. “But it doesn’t have the benefits we thought it had.”
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Roche under pressure to drop price of Kadcyla [Pharmafile] The UK’s largest breast cancer charity has called for drug manufacturer Roche to drop the price of Kadcyla before it is removed from the Cancer Drugs Fund.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
FDA Approves IMLYGIC Talimogene Laherparepvec As First Oncolytic Viral Therapy In The US [Amgen] IMLYGIC is a genetically modified herpes simplex virus type 1 designed to replicate within tumors and produce an immunostimulatory protein called granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
FDA approves first-of-its-kind product for the treatment of melanoma [FDA] A treatment course with Imlygic consists of a series of injections into the melanoma lesions. After the initial injection, a second dose is administered three weeks later, followed by additional doses every two weeks for at least six months, unless other treatment is required or until there are no remaining injectable lesions to treat.
Amgen Wins Approval for Cancer-Killing Virus Drug [TheStreet] Investors and analysts have a modest outlook for Imlygic's commercial potential because the new therapy is suitable for only a certain segment of patients with skin cancer, or melanoma.
US approval for drug that turns herpes virus against cancer [The Guardian] Imlygic, which bursts melanoma cells open and triggers immune response, can shrink localised tumours but is not proven to extend life, says FDA.
FDA approves Amgen's injected immunotherapy for melanoma [Reuters] Amgen said it expects the average cost of Imlygic therapy to be about $65,000, and that it will be available to U.S. patients within a week. The company said it is studying the drug in combination with other immunotherapies in advanced melanoma and other solid tumor cancers.
	6.1 Observation
Survey reveals diagnosis postcode lottery for UK cancer patients [The Guardian] If all the regions of England had matched the south-west’s record of early diagnosis, it would have given nearly 20,000 more patients a better chance of survival, according to Cancer Research UK.
After prostate cancer surgery, blacks have more complications, higher costs [Reuters] They didn’t find a difference in overall or cancer-specific survival based on race. But they did find that compared to whites, blacks were more likely to have complications and emergency department visits after their surgery and to be readmitted to the hospital.
	6.11 Patients
I have leukaemia and worrying about benefit cuts is making me sicker [The Guardian] I’m 43 years old. I used to be a teacher. That was two years ago, before leukaemia. Before cancer destroyed my immune system and my doctors told me teaching was more dangerous for me than police work.
	6.6 Publications
Does the Reproducibility Project in Cancer Biology Offer a Model for a New Kind of Science Auditing? [Mendelspod] The goal of this project is to take nearly forty “high impact” papers in the field of cancer and try to replicate them.