Onco Actu du 24 août 2015 (1/3)

	1. Biologie
How chronic inflammation can lead to cancer [MIT News] Researchers discover how the immune system can create cancerous DNA mutations when fighting off infection.
Cellular ‘kryptonite’ poses challenges in tackling childhood nerve cancer [Cancer Research UK] Although this all may sound like bad news, it’s vital we spot these hidden obstacles to find the best way around them. The next step is to work out how we can use these new findings to improve immunotherapy treatments for this disease.
Raw Data: Cellular ‘Cheaters’ Give Rise to Cancer [NY Times] Cells prosper by surrendering some of their autonomy to the whole. But inevitably a cell breaks loose and selfishly multiplies, and so cancer begins.
	1.1 Biologie - Gènes
Cellular Factors Shape 3D Genome Landscape [National Cancer Institute] NCI researchers, in close collaboration with NCI’s High-Throughput Imaging Facility, which was established earlier this decade, have developed a method called HIPMap (High-throughput Imaging Position Mapping) that makes the large-scale determination of 3D gene positions possible.
Cataloguing the genetic chaos in oesophageal cancer [Cancer Research UK] This study highlights a few different future directions that could help oesophageal cancer patients.
	2.10 Etiologie - Alcool
Just one drink a day 'may raise breast cancer risk' [NHS Choices] The main finding of this study is that low to moderate drinking may increase a woman's chances of getting alcohol-related cancer by 13%, relative to the chances of teetotal women. This is a relatively small risk increase, and may be much less than the influence of other factors – some you can change (weight, diet and physical activity), and some you can't (age, gender and hereditary factors).
	2.4 Etiologie - Portables, ondes e-m
About that Cell Phone and Cancer Study [Science-Based Medicine] The first thing to note as that this is a review article. It does not present any new data. It is not an experiment or observational study. It’s not even a meta-analysis. It is just a group of researchers looking at the literature and proclaiming that it confirms what they already believed.
	3. Prévention
Coffee, colon cancer, and caveats about observational studies [healthNewsReview] The paper includes several paragraphs of discussion about what the findings may or may not mean and the researchers wrote: “our observational study does not offer conclusive evidence for causality.” That fact was missed or misunderstood by many journalists.
Contraceptive pill 'cuts womb cancer risk' [NHS Choices] This finding isn’t new – the pill was already recognised to reduce risk of womb cancer, but this study has pooled the evidence to show just how big the link may be.
Discovering new ways to prevent cancer [Cancer Research UK] More than four in 10 cases of cancer are preventable. And things like smoking, diet and the amount of exercise we take can all affect our risk. These are often described as lifestyle choices, but the reality is more complex. A range of influences – from social situations to human psychology and biology – all affect the way we live our lives, making ‘choices’ seem, at times, incredibly difficult.
	3.1 Tabac
Young people and e-cigarettes – what do the latest data tell us? [Cancer Research UK] The numbers that were the main focus of the analysis were also very small – just 222 non-smoking e-cigarette users. So to find out more, future longitudinal studies are needed, that follow people up for longer, provide more information on how regularly they use e-cigarettes and tobacco, and also the types of products are used.
Vaping needs stronger regulation, say doctors leaders [British Medical Association] The reaction follows a report by PHE (Public Health England) which states that the devices are less harmful than tobacco and could assist smokers looking to give up.
E-Cigarettes Can Help Smokers Quit, U.K. Health Agency Says [Wall Street Journal] The health agency is one of the first governmental organizations to endorse e-cigarettes.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
CDC says 40% of teen girls are skipping recommended HPV vaccines [The Guardian] A new report from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suggests the number of teenagers who got vaccinated against HPV increased only slightly last year, while coverage continues to lag far behind other teenage vaccinations.
	3.4.1 Chimioprévention - aspirine
Aspirin, obesity and inherited bowel cancer – what’s the story? [Cancer Research UK] Unfortunately, these headlines were somewhat misleading, reporting that ‘aspirin could cancel out cancer risk’ in people who are obese. This missed out a crucial detail: this finding only applies to people who have an inherited genetic syndrome that greatly increases their cancer risk.
	3.7 Alcool
Resveratrol, red wine and cancer: what’s the story? [Cancer Research UK] Our researchers in Leicester have published the results of a new study showing that relatively small doses of purified resveratrol, a chemical found in red grapes and wine, might have an impact in reducing the risk of bowel cancer – at least, in mice prone to developing the disease.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Guardant Health and Flatiron Health partner to mine cancer data [Fortune] Guardant Health, a company that has developed a blood test to diagnose types of cancer, and Flatiron Health, a cloud-based medical software maker, are working together to share their data to help match cancer patients with successful chemotherapies.
Five reasons the UK must diagnose cancer earlier – and four ways to do it [Cancer Research UK] The bold plans of the English cancer strategy can only be achieved if the NHS gets more investment. Many NHS services across the UK are already hugely stretched.
Real-time data for cancer therapy [MIT News] Biochemical sensor implanted at initial biopsy could allow doctors to better monitor and adjust cancer treatments.
A ‘simple urine test’ for pancreatic cancer? Not just yet. [Cancer Research UK] Today’s headlines read “simple urine test” for pancreatic cancer – but as we’ve said before these tests are rarely “simple” and in many cases, like this one, they aren’t even ‘tests’ yet.
Genomics May Be The New Frontier, But Knowing Your Family Medical History Is Still Very Important [Dr Len] What stood out through all the fascinating presentations and discussions was the notion that making certain one knows their family history is going to remain a very important part of the genomics landscape for the foreseeable future.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Cancer-detecting dogs approved for NHS trial [The Guardian] The charity Medical Detection Dogs has gained approval from Milton Keynes University Hospital for further trials, after an initial study showed specially trained dogs can detect prostate tumours in urine in 93% of cases.
New 'iClusters' identify five subtypes of prostate cancer [NHS Choices] In the future doctors might be able to use the iClusters to decide the best treatment for each man. However, they are not yet ready to be used in hospitals to influence treatment decisions.
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - Poumon
Roche submits filing to FDA for companion diagnostic for non-small cell lung cancer drug therapy [Roche] The cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 is designed for expanded EGFR mutation detection in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Biocept Launches its First Liquid Biopsy Diagnostic Test for Colorectal Cancer [Biocept] “Our liquid biopsy, using a simple blood draw, enables a physician to monitor a patient's KRAS status over time to identify these changes and respond accordingly."
Foundation Medicine Initiates Multi-Center Clinical Study Evaluating Its Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Assay in Multiple Tumor Types [Foundation Medicine] Expected to launch commercially in 2016, the ctDNA assay will complement FoundationOne® for solid tumors and FoundationOne® Heme for hematologic malignancies and provide healthcare practitioners with a full suite of analytically validated genomic profiling products to support the application of precision medicine and targeted therapies in cancer care.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Testing for more breast cancer genes offers useful information [Reuters] Though these results indicate that additional genetic screening is clinically useful, some genetic test results will be uncertain, and it can be psychologically difficult for patients to deal with this uncertainty, Ellisen said.