Onco Actu du 11 mai 2015

	1. Biologie
Personalised cancer treatment a step closer with world's first 'living biobank' [The Guardian] Tissue grown from biopsies shown to closely mimic patients’ tumours, allowing researchers to study specific mutations and identify most promising drugs.
Mini-guts grown from colon cancers spark new treatment hopes [Science] The researchers grew mini-guts from tissue taken from tumor samples from 27 colorectal cancer patients. The technique is surprisingly efficient, growing organoids from up to 90% of patient samples, the team reports in Cell.
GTEx findings reveal new insights into how DNA differences influence gene activity, disease susceptibility [NIH] NIH-funded pilot study provides a new resource about variants across the human genome.
	3. Prévention
A healthy lifestyle before diagnosis may improve bowel cancer survival [Cancer Research UK] “While healthy choices may have a positive impact on bowel cancer survival, there are many different factors that could affect a person’s lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis."
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Screening Rates Stalled For Common Cancers [NPR] "The first reaction is that we've reached this plateau, and it's hard to get off the plateau," says Dr. Richard Wender, chief cancer control officer at the American Cancer Society.
Many Americans Aren’t Getting Cancer Screenings, Gov Says [TIME] New data released Thursday from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), shows that in 2013, which is the latest data available, screening for the three cancers either dropped lower than previous rates or showed no improvement.
Cancer Screening Test Use — United States, 2013 [CDC] Increased efforts are needed to reach Healthy People 2020 cancer screening targets and reduce disparities.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Myriad to Present New Clinical Data on Prolaris(R) at the AUA 2015 Annual Meeting [Myriad] Three Studies Support the Use of Prolaris to Predict Outcomes in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Significantly Improve Their Treatment Plans.
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
Roche Receives FDA Approval for cobas KRAS Mutation Test [Roche] The cobas KRAS Mutation Test is a TaqMelt assay; a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic test intended for the detection of mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS gene. The test can be performed in less than eight hours, so physicians can make treatment decisions quickly and confidently.
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - Poumon
On Medicare and Assessing the Value of Lung Cancer Screening [NY Times] Researchers call it “competing mortality.” Finding lung cancer is a hollow victory if patients endure testing and treatment, then die of another illness before the cancer would have killed them.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Developments in precision cancer medicine and regulatory implications [PHG Foundation] What was particularly significant was that 90% of patients had at least one druggable alteration for experimental drugs undergoing clinical trials, and this finding was observed across the range of different malignancies studied.
Genomic Health to Present Multiple Oncotype DX® Studies and Positive Liquid Biopsy Results at American Urological Association Annual Meeting May 15-19 [Genomic Health] New Results Demonstrate Unique Clinical and Health-economic Value of the Oncotype DX Prostate Cancer Test Positive Liquid Biopsy Results Demonstrate Progress in Development of Bladder Cancer Test.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
ACP Internist: Where are we now with breast cancer screening? [ACP Internist] When a very subtle abnormality is noted on a screening mammogram women are often presented with the option of a biopsy vs. waiting 6 to 12 months and just repeating the mammogram to see if the abnormality changes. Many women assume that the biopsy will provide an immediate answer; our study shows that may not be the case, as these biopsies are difficult to evaluate.
	5. Traitements
Statin drugs can delay prostate cancer progression in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy, study shows [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] “We present a plausible mechanism by which statins may work in prostate cancer by decreasing the tumor’s available androgen pool and thus improving patient outcomes," says the study’s senior author.
RAS proteins – common, cancer-causing, and can’t be drugged? [The Institute of Cancer Research, London] Could indirect lines of attack be the key to hitting one of cancer’s most elusive targets?
	5.2 Pharma
Genentech’s Phase III Study of Gazyva® Showed Significant Benefit in Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma [Genentech] GADOLIN is a Phase III open-label, multicenter, randomized two-arm study evaluating Gazyva plus bendamustine followed by Gazyva alone for up to two years compared to bendamustine alone in 413 patients with indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma whose disease progressed during or following Rituxan-based therapy.
Novartis 'biosimilar' drug blocked by U.S. appeals court [Reuters] A U.S. appeals court has blocked the sale of Novartis AG's recently approved "biosimilar" form of Neupogen, the blockbuster Amgen Inc drug used to prevent infections in cancer patients.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Plexxikon and Merck to Collaborate on Combination Study Evaluating Investigational Immuno-oncology Regimen [Merck] Study will Evaluate Merck’s Anti-PD-1 Therapy, KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab),
	5.2.2 Pharma - Fusions & Acquisitions
Gilead Sciences Acquires EpiTherapeutics [Gilead] EpiTherapeutics has generated a library of first-in-class, selective small molecule inhibitors of epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, in particular histone demethylases. The company’s lead pre-clinical compounds are being studied for the treatment of certain cancers.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,...
Cancer drugs approved quickly but not to patient’s benefit: York U researcher [York University] Lexchin cites earlier research reviewing solid cancer drugs within 10 years of EMA approval to point out that these drugs improved survival by just over a month.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA)
Novartis lung cancer drug Zykadia® gains EU approval, providing new therapy for certain patients with ALK+ NSCLC [Novartis] Marketing authorization was based on two studies demonstrating Zykadia shrank tumors in ALK+ NSCLC patients who received prior crizotinib therapy.
Novartis says lung cancer drug Zykadia gains EU approval [Reuters] Zykadia, or ceritinib, is from a new class of medicines known as ALK inhibitors. It was approved in April 2014 in the United States.
	5.5 ASCO
Pivotal data for Roche medicines in lung and blood cancers to be presented at ASCO [Roche] Roche medicines to be featured in more than 275 abstracts during ASCO 2015.
	5.6 ESMO
IMPAKT 2015 News: Analysis of Large Dataset Shows Improved Concordance of Local and Central HER2 Status [ESMO] Prof. Pfitzner and colleagues compared the central and local HER2 status of patients with primary breast cancer participating in five large neoadjuvant, multicentre studies to determine whether the rate of discordance between central and locally tested HER2 status had decreased over the past years.
IMPAKT 2015 News: AP-2gamma Tumour Expression Is a New Biomarker for Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer [ESMO] A genetic signature is identified that associates with decreased patient benefit from fulvestrant monotherapy.
IMPAKT 2015 News: Outcome in Male Patients with Breast Cancer Varies According to Tumour Subtypes Based upon Receptor Expression [ESMO] Data on molecular characterisation of tumours in males with breast cancer remain sparse.
IMPAKT 2015 News: Gene Expression Signatures May Signal Clinical Activity of Palbociclib in Patients with Breast Cancer [ESMO] Gene expression signatures indicating palbociclib resistance and sensitivity have been derived.
IMPAKT 2015 News: Using a Biomarker for Neoadjuvant Bevacizumab Response to Guide Treatment Is Cost Effective in Breast Cancer [ESMO] VEGF-A testing could be cost effective when deciding whether to add bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy.
IMPAKT 2015 News: Incidence of Breast Cancer Oncogenes Higher in the PIK3K/AKT Signalling Pathway than in the MAPK Pathway [ESMO] Genetic profiling shows the PI3K-AKT pathway is the most frequently altered in both primary and metastatic breast cancers.
IMPAKT 2015 News: Constitutively Activated STAT3 May Be a Predictive Marker for Resistance to Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2 Positive Breast Cancer [ESMO] Investigators evaluate a mechanism for trastuzumab resistance.
IMPAKT 2015 News: A Circulating Tumour Cell Liquid Biopsy May Be Used for Non-Invasive Mutational Analysis in Patients with Breast Cancer [ESMO] Circulating tumour cells in the blood of patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer contain both wild-type and mutated PIK3CA.
IMPAKT 2015 News: PI3 Kinase and CDK4/6 Inhibitors Are Highly Active in ER-Positive Breast Cancer [ESMO] PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibition increases sensitivity of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers to CDK4/6 inhibition by palbociclib.
IMPAKT 2015 News: Molecular Screening of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Can Be Carried-Out Across EU Countries [ESMO] An analysis of data from a pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of the AURORA Molecular Screening Programme.
	6.1 Observation
Prostate cancer survival rates in New Zealand grim [Science Media Centre] New Zealand men with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer need new treatment guidelines to ensure improved, more consistent and more equitable care, according to a new study led by the University of Auckland.
	6.10 Politiques
HCV, Cancer Drugs Added to Essential Medicines List as WHO Calls for Lower Prices [RAPS] In total, 16 cancer treatments were added in the update, including imatinib, trastuzamab and rituximab. Similar to the HCV treatments, the Expert Committee has cautioned that these drugs are high-cost.
WHO Expert Committtee adds trastuzumab, imatinib, daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, bedaquiline and delaminid to EML [KEI] With respect to cancer drugs (Section 8.2, Cytoxic and Adjuvant Medicines), the Executive Summary noted that the Committee added 16 new medicines.
	6.11 Patients
The tattoos that turn breast cancer surgery scars into works of art [The Guardian] After mastectomy operations, some women are choosing to reclaim their bodies with beautiful and intricate designs.
Well: Living With Cancer: Becoming a Caregiver [NY Times] At the hospital, I have seen worn and weary parents, siblings, children, partners and friends of patients with various types of cancers. Perhaps caring for caregivers can function as a form of therapy for people like me.
	6.4 Médico-éco
Health Care Forum [The Economist] Through The Economist's distinct lens of rigorous analysis and foresight, The Health Care Forum, War on Cancer event, will explore the future of health systems design, technological innovation, provision and finance.
	6.7.1 Bioinformatique
The Big Data Addiction—NGS Has It Bad [GEN] What can be agreed upon is that there are plenty of areas of NGS that require standardization for it to live up to its potential as an extremely powerful tool for use in clinical medicine.
	6.7.2 Applis
GW Cancer Institute Develops First Free, Online, Comprehensive Training for Patient Navigators [The George Washington University] “Training for patient navigation is usually in-person, expensive, and not necessarily evidence-based. Our training is accessible to anyone who is or wants to be a patient navigator and goes a long way in establishing standards of practice for the field.”
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center “Specializes in You” with an Innovative and Personalized Digital Landscape [MSK] “Through our digital landscape, we have the ability to connect directly to patients at one of the scariest times in their lives and seamlessly provide them with pertinent information.”