Onco Actu du 3 avril 2015

Sommaire 1. Biologie Body’s cancer defences hijacked to make pancreatic and lung cancers more aggressive [Cancer Research UK] The Cancer Genome Atlas: Generating a “Parts List” for Cancer [National Cancer Institute] Mapping the evolutionary road to metastasis [The Institute of Cancer Research] 3. Prévention The Importance of Cancer Prevention Research and its Challenges [National Cancer Institute] 3.1 Tabac The War Over Vaping's Health Risks Is Getting Dirty [WIRED] Swedish Match gears up for closely watched FDA panel meeting [Reuters] 3.7 Alcool Three drinks a day can cause liver cancer: A closer look at our evidence [Cancer Prevention Blog] 4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic Responding to Mark Cuban: More is not always better. [The Incidental Economist] 4.12 Biopsies liquides Circulating tumor DNA in blood can predict recurrence of the most common type of lymphoma [National Cancer Institute] 5. Traitements Minimally invasive surgery safe for rectal cancer [Reuters] 5.12 Immunothérapies Personalized melanoma vaccines marshal powerful immune response [Washington University in St. Louis] Personalized Cancer Vaccines [The Scientist] Tumour mutations harnessed to build cancer vaccine [Nature News & Comment] Personalized cancer vaccines may fight tumors [Science] Personal cancer vaccine research 'exciting' say experts [BBC News] Personalised cancer vaccines show early signs of promise in trial [The Guardian] 5.2 Pharma Enzalutamide Demonstrates Statistically Significant Improvement in Progression Free Survival Compared with Bicatulamide in STRIVE Trial [Astellas] 5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats MD Anderson, Astellas Pharma Sign Option Agreement for Monoclonal Antibody Drug Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia [Astellas] 5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,... Critical Path Innovation Meetings: A New Opportunity to Discuss Drug Development Issues with FDA [FDA Law Blog] 6. Lutte contre les cancers Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, hospital join forces to develop cancer drugs [Science] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Seeking Human Subjects, Teams Up With Hospital System [NY Times] 6.1 Observation Cancer patients should avoid fish oil before chemotherapy, study finds [The Telegraph] Cancer sufferers who are single, older or female more likely to be diagnosed late [The Telegraph] 6.11 Patients Patients may prefer getting biopsy results by phone [Reuters] 6.3 Associations American Cancer Society Announces Gary M. Reedy As Its Next Chief Executive Officer [ACS] 6.5 Médecines alternatives An anonymous Canadian foundation grants $3 million to study naturopathic oncology [Respectful Insolence]

Les étoiles de couleur jaune signalent des articles dont la lecture est en priorité suggérée (1*) ou recommandée (3*). 1. Biologie Body’s cancer defences hijacked to make pancreatic and lung cancers more aggressive [Cancer Research UK] The research, carried out in cancer cells and mice, shows that in cancers with faulty versions of the KRAS gene these TRAIL receptors actually help the cancer cells to grow and spread to new areas in the body. The Cancer Genome Atlas: Generating a “Parts List” for Cancer [National Cancer Institute] TCGA and its parent center, the Center for Cancer Genomics, have launched two even more ambitious projects in 2014: the PanCanAtlas and Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWGs). Mapping the evolutionary road to metastasis [The Institute of Cancer Research] New research into advanced prostate cancer reveals that the evolutionary path to cancer spread isn’t just a one-way street. 3. Prévention The Importance of Cancer Prevention Research and its Challenges [National Cancer Institute] Unlike treatment, success in prevention often goes unnoticed by the people who benefit. 3.1 Tabac The War Over Vaping's Health Risks Is Getting Dirty [WIRED] In a couple of years, researchers will begin to do association studies to pull out long-term health effects. Until that science rolls in, the, prepare to sit back and enjoy the show. These two camps will be hashing it out for a while. Swedish Match gears up for closely watched FDA panel meeting [Reuters] In a decision that could reshape U.S. tobacco regulation, a health advisory panel will vote next week on whether Swedish Match AB, a Stockholm-based maker of smokeless tobacco products known as snus, can claim they are less harmful than cigarettes. 3.7 Alcool Three drinks a day can cause liver cancer: A closer look at our evidence [Cancer Prevention Blog] Since 2007 we have known that there is a link between alcohol and liver cancer. What is important about this latest review is that it has identified a threshold. 4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic Responding to Mark Cuban: More is not always better. [The Incidental Economist] We’ve all been told that data are important and that more is the future. But it’s important to understand the difference between using data in the aggregate to generate hypotheses, and using data on individuals to make decisions. 4.12 Biopsies liquides Circulating tumor DNA in blood can predict recurrence of the most common type of lymphoma [National Cancer Institute] Results of this study showed that, among the 107 patients who achieved complete remission, those who developed detectable ctDNA during surveillance were over 200 times more likely to have their disease progress than those who did not have detectable ctDNA. 5. Traitements Minimally invasive surgery safe for rectal cancer [Reuters] "This is the largest trial to date and we can now state with evidence that laparoscopic surgery is safe and associated with long-term cancer outcomes that are at least similar to open surgery." 5.12 Immunothérapies Personalized melanoma vaccines marshal powerful immune response [Washington University in St. Louis] “This is about as personalized as vaccines can get,” said co-author Elaine Mardis, PhD, co-director of the McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, where the cancer genome sequencing, analysis and neoantigen prediction were performed. Personalized Cancer Vaccines [The Scientist] To identify neoantigens that are expressed only in tumor cells, Carreno and colleagues performed exome sequencing on surgical tumor samples from three patients with stage III melanoma. Using prediction algorithms, they then chose potential tumor neoantigens for each patient were chosen by identifying missense mutations found within protein-coding genes in tumor cells but not healthy cells. Tumour mutations harnessed to build cancer vaccine [Nature News & Comment] Preliminary attempt in humans generates robust immune response. Personalized cancer vaccines may fight tumors [Science] Injected with a vaccine designed to match specific mutations in their tumors, three patients with advanced melanoma had a strong immune response and in two their tumors shrunk or stabilized, at least temporarily. Personal cancer vaccine research 'exciting' say experts [BBC News] The team, mainly based in St Louis and Oklahoma City, analysed the genetic mutations to predict the new and unique flags that would be flown by the cancer cells. A computer algorithm then analysed the new flags, known as neoantigens, to decide which would be the best targets for a vaccine. Personalised cancer vaccines show early signs of promise in trial [The Guardian] Though promising so far, the research is at a very early stage, and the researchers cannot yet say whether the patients’ health improved after the treatment. All three are stable and suffered no side effects, but further trials are needed to see whether the treatment can help to shrink or even eradicate tumours. 5.2 Pharma Enzalutamide Demonstrates Statistically Significant Improvement in Progression Free Survival Compared with Bicatulamide in STRIVE Trial [Astellas] The trial randomized 257 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 139 patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer whose disease progressed despite treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue therapy or following surgical castration. 5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats MD Anderson, Astellas Pharma Sign Option Agreement for Monoclonal Antibody Drug Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia [Astellas] The collaboration grants Astellas an option to firstly negotiate an exclusive, worldwide license at the end of Phase Ib, with both Phase Ia and Phase Ib studies to be conducted by MD Anderson. 5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,... Critical Path Innovation Meetings: A New Opportunity to Discuss Drug Development Issues with FDA [FDA Law Blog] To request a CPIM, one must first develop a proposal containing background material, the purpose of the meeting, steps that have already been taken to advance the project, any specific questions for FDA, and the desired outcome of the meeting. 6. Lutte contre les cancers Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, hospital join forces to develop cancer drugs [Science] Until now the lab has relied largely on pharmaceutical companies to develop those findings into treatments. “This will take it to a different level” with the alliance’s researchers validating targets, developing protocols, and conducting early stage clinical trials, Stillman says. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Seeking Human Subjects, Teams Up With Hospital System [NY Times] Although researchers will not know the identities of the patients who have given tissue samples, if a breakthrough discovery were made, it would be possible to retrace the identity of the donor and perhaps apply the new knowledge to that person’s treatment. 6.1 Observation Cancer patients should avoid fish oil before chemotherapy, study finds [The Telegraph] Researchers discover that consuming Omega-3 fatty acids - found in oily fish such as mackerel and herring - could stop chemotherapy drugs from working Cancer sufferers who are single, older or female more likely to be diagnosed late [The Telegraph] Researchers from Leeds Institute of Health Sciences said older people might have greater risks of late diagnosis because they were more likely to live alone, with no one else to notice their symptoms, and might suffer a number of health problems, making diagnosis more difficult. 6.11 Patients Patients may prefer getting biopsy results by phone [Reuters] Most patients in the study had either what's known as stage 0 melanoma, when the cancer hasn't grown deeper than the top layer of skin, known as the epidermis, or stage 1, when the tumor is very thin and less likely to spread. 6.3 Associations American Cancer Society Announces Gary M. Reedy As Its Next Chief Executive Officer [ACS] Reedy joins the Society after serving as Worldwide Vice President of Government Affairs and Policy with Johnson & Johnson. He has more than three decades of domestic and international experience in the health care industry and 15 years of experience as a volunteer leader with the American Cancer Society. 6.5 Médecines alternatives An anonymous Canadian foundation grants $3 million to study naturopathic oncology [Respectful Insolence] Truly, woo has a generous benefactor in this foundation, which is why I’d really, really like to know who’s funding these studies.