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Les étoiles de couleur jaune signalent des articles dont la lecture est en priorité suggérée (1*) ou recommandée (3*). |
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1. Biologie
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The research,
carried out in cancer cells and mice, shows that in cancers with faulty
versions of the KRAS gene these TRAIL receptors actually help the cancer
cells to grow and spread to new areas in the body.
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TCGA and its
parent center, the Center for Cancer Genomics, have launched two even
more ambitious projects in 2014: the PanCanAtlas and Pan-Cancer Analysis
of Whole Genomes (PCAWGs).
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New research into advanced prostate cancer reveals that the evolutionary path to cancer spread isn’t just a one-way street.
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3. Prévention
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Unlike treatment, success in prevention often goes unnoticed by the people who benefit.
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3.1 Tabac
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In a couple of
years, researchers will begin to do association studies to pull out
long-term health effects. Until that science rolls in, the, prepare to
sit back and enjoy the show. These two camps will be hashing it out for a
while.
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In a decision
that could reshape U.S. tobacco regulation, a health advisory panel will
vote next week on whether Swedish Match AB, a Stockholm-based maker of
smokeless tobacco products known as snus, can claim they are less
harmful than cigarettes.
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3.7 Alcool
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Since 2007 we
have known that there is a link between alcohol and liver cancer. What
is important about this latest review is that it has identified a
threshold.
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4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
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We’ve all been
told that data are important and that more is the future. But it’s
important to understand the difference between using data in the
aggregate to generate hypotheses, and using data on individuals to make
decisions.
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4.12 Biopsies liquides
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Results of
this study showed that, among the 107 patients who achieved complete
remission, those who developed detectable ctDNA during surveillance were
over 200 times more likely to have their disease progress than those
who did not have detectable ctDNA.
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5. Traitements
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"This is the
largest trial to date and we can now state with evidence that
laparoscopic surgery is safe and associated with long-term cancer
outcomes that are at least similar to open surgery."
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5.12 Immunothérapies
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“This is about
as personalized as vaccines can get,” said co-author Elaine Mardis,
PhD, co-director of the McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington
University, where the cancer genome sequencing, analysis and neoantigen
prediction were performed.
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To identify
neoantigens that are expressed only in tumor cells, Carreno and
colleagues performed exome sequencing on surgical tumor samples from
three patients with stage III melanoma. Using prediction algorithms,
they then chose potential tumor neoantigens for each patient were chosen
by identifying missense mutations found within protein-coding genes in
tumor cells but not healthy cells.
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Preliminary attempt in humans generates robust immune response.
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Injected with a
vaccine designed to match specific mutations in their tumors, three
patients with advanced melanoma had a strong immune response and in two
their tumors shrunk or stabilized, at least temporarily.
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The team,
mainly based in St Louis and Oklahoma City, analysed the genetic
mutations to predict the new and unique flags that would be flown by the
cancer cells. A computer algorithm then analysed the new flags, known
as neoantigens, to decide which would be the best targets for a vaccine.
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Though
promising so far, the research is at a very early stage, and the
researchers cannot yet say whether the patients’ health improved after
the treatment. All three are stable and suffered no side effects, but
further trials are needed to see whether the treatment can help to
shrink or even eradicate tumours.
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5.2 Pharma
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The trial
randomized 257 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 139 patients
with non-metastatic prostate cancer whose disease progressed despite
treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue
therapy or following surgical castration.
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5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
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The
collaboration grants Astellas an option to firstly negotiate an
exclusive, worldwide license at the end of Phase Ib, with both Phase Ia
and Phase Ib studies to be conducted by MD Anderson.
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5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA,...
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To request a
CPIM, one must first develop a proposal containing background material,
the purpose of the meeting, steps that have already been taken to
advance the project, any specific questions for FDA, and the desired
outcome of the meeting.
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6. Lutte contre les cancers
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Until now the
lab has relied largely on pharmaceutical companies to develop those
findings into treatments. “This will take it to a different level” with
the alliance’s researchers validating targets, developing protocols, and
conducting early stage clinical trials, Stillman says.
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Although
researchers will not know the identities of the patients who have given
tissue samples, if a breakthrough discovery were made, it would be
possible to retrace the identity of the donor and perhaps apply the new
knowledge to that person’s treatment.
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6.1 Observation
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Researchers
discover that consuming Omega-3 fatty acids - found in oily fish such as
mackerel and herring - could stop chemotherapy drugs from working
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Researchers
from Leeds Institute of Health Sciences said older people might have
greater risks of late diagnosis because they were more likely to live
alone, with no one else to notice their symptoms, and might suffer a
number of health problems, making diagnosis more difficult.
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6.11 Patients
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Most patients
in the study had either what's known as stage 0 melanoma, when the
cancer hasn't grown deeper than the top layer of skin, known as the
epidermis, or stage 1, when the tumor is very thin and less likely to
spread.
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6.3 Associations
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Reedy joins
the Society after serving as Worldwide Vice President of Government
Affairs and Policy with Johnson & Johnson. He has more than three
decades of domestic and international experience in the health care
industry and 15 years of experience as a volunteer leader with the
American Cancer Society.
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6.5 Médecines alternatives
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Truly, woo has
a generous benefactor in this foundation, which is why I’d really,
really like to know who’s funding these studies.
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