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1. Biologie
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Genomic
data is very difficult to integrate into health records at this time,
so, as with H-Ras, the impulse is to focus on the easy and pragmatic in
the short term, despite the fact that it may yield little in the long
run.
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A newly discovered protein promotes immunity to viruses and cancer by triggering the production of cytotoxic T cells.
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3.1 Tabac
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Hammond
suggested the United States could learn from the international
diversity of regulation. In Canada, e-cigarettes are not approved for
sale. The European Union regulates e-cigarettes like tobacco, taxing and
requiring product standards to reduce harm.
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This
study found that people who have used e-cigarettes may be less likely
to quit smoking, but it can’t prove that’s the case. There are
limitations to the findings and confirmation is needed from other
studies.
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The
researchers admit that a lack of consensus about what constitutes ‘use’
of an e-cigarette presents something of a challenge for research in
this area, and suggest that further much longer term studies to include
the generation of young people who have grown up with e-cigarettes are
needed before firmer conclusions can be drawn.
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FDA
spokesman Michael Felberbaum said on Friday the agency is "moving
forward expeditiously to finalize the rule." Its goal is to release it
in June. But the potential for delay is considerable.
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4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
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Health
care providers and their patients expect that laboratory tests used in
clinical management of patients should be consistent and of high
quality.
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4.12 Biopsies liquides
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You’d be correct in thinking it’s also too good to be true.
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The
patients will be told their blood test results, although the
investigators worry how some will react. “If you find DNA and tell the
patient there is a very high risk of recurrence, that creates a lot of
anxiety,” Dr. Gibbs said. “And we are not sure chemotherapy will be
helpful.”
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4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
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Researchers
used a new scoring technique they developed called MATH (mutant-allele
tumor heterogeneity) to measure the genetic variability among cancer
cells within tumors from 305 patients with head and neck cancer.
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4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
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Genetics
is an imprecise science, and that’s why I try to use precise language.
People develop cancer, they don’t contract it. The BRCA genes do not
cause cancer, they elevate risk.
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The
main problems I see are two. The first is in how the authors define a
false positive, which is too liberally. The second is the authors’
estimate that “overdiagnosis” occurs in 22 percent of invasive breast
cancers in women between the ages of 40 and 59. These assumptions
undermine their calculations of mammography’s tab.
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5. Traitements
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The
new regulation, once adopted, will aim to ensure a greater level of
harmonisation of the rules of conducting clinical trials throughout the
EU.
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5.10 Traitements - Essais
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Opdivo
Demonstrates Superior Overall Survival Compared to Docetaxel in
Patients with Previously-Treated Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung
Cancer.
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Investors
are clearly highly excited because it is a category that analysts have
said could generate sales of $22 billion to $33 billion by 2020.
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The
U.S. drugmaker on Friday said the study, called Checkmate-057, was
stopped early after an independent data monitoring committee concluded
that Opdivo provided a survival advantage over docetaxel, a standard
chemotherapy, among patients with previously treated non-squamous
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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5.12 Immunothérapies
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Our
timeline, spanning 1891 to today and containing more than 200 entries,
shows some of the major discoveries and milestones in the field,
highlighting CRI's impact along the way.
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Discovery
aside, research on this protein is at its first stage. A balance of the
beneficial and harmful effects of boosting the immune system with this
protein would need to be struck before it can start being tested on
people.
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5.2 Pharma
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The
submission is based on data from KEYNOTE-001 in patients with greater
than or equal to 50 percent of tumor cells positive for PD-L1
expression.
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The
Swiss company will study MPDL3280A for triple-negative breast cancer,
which is currently treated mostly with chemotherapy, spokeswoman Holli
Dickson said in a phone interview. The drug will be tested in
combination with chemotherapy.
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Drugmaker poised to file AZD9291 for lung cancer for US approval, while FDA grants orphan drug status for eye cancer treatment
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5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
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“By
combining some of Sanofi R&D’s anti-tumor antibodies with our novel
technology for conjugating cytotoxic compounds, this collaboration
opens the gate to next-generation ADCs with a potentially improved
therapeutic index for patients with cancer.”
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5.6 ESMO
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Survey shows that many live in ‘denial’ of the real risks of smoking even a small number of cigarettes a day.
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To
examine the real-world situation, he and colleagues conducted an online
survey of 562 oncologists in 10 countries (Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, UK and USA) between December
2014 and January 2015.
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The
tests in this study were not performed in specially selected central
labs, but in local labs that are used for daily clinical routine. “This
is important, because it does reflect the clinical reality and not a
‘virtual’ trial reality.”
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In
this study, urine samples were taken from patients with metastatic
NSCLC who progressed on erlotinib treatment and ctDNA was extracted by a
method that preferentially isolates short, fragmented ctDNA.
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For
nearly one in four lung cancer patients tested for EGFR mutations,
results were not available in time to guide treatment decisions.
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6.1 Observation
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In
addition to expanding tracking of clinical aspects of cancer,
auto-processing of data that routinely come to NCI is at the top of the
SEER to-do list.
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6.10 Politiques
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They’ve
made some ambitious promises – substantially increasing funding for the
NHS, reducing waiting times for diagnostic tests, continued investment
in cancer treatments and protecting the science spend to name a few. But
the devil is always in the detail.
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What
I am hoping to articulate is how to make more progress in cancer
prevention and screening largely through the application of the
principles of precision medicine. There also may simply be some
opportunities to improve screening algorithms or something like that.
That’s the main area. Another area is cancer health disparities.
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6.9 Controverses
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In
summary, the meeting was very timely, and it was fun. But I ended up
thinking it had a bit too much of preaching good intentions to the
converted. It failed to grasp some of the nettles firmly enough.
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'Premature'
rules for preclinical research need more flexibility and greater
community involvement, say scientific society leaders.
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“It’s
a ghastly mistake to exacerbate income inequality at a time when the
institution is under severe pressure and the culture is aggravated by
the gap between management and the workforce being too big”.
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